Anti-embolism stockings, also known as TED hose, are specialized elastic garments that apply gentle pressure to the legs. Their main purpose is to prevent blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can occur in the deep veins of the legs. These stockings promote healthy blood circulation, especially for individuals with limited mobility, reducing the risk of serious complications like pulmonary embolism.
How They Prevent Blood Clots
Anti-embolism stockings apply graduated compression to the legs, with pressure highest at the ankle and gradually decreasing up the leg. This pressure gradient helps counteract blood pooling in the lower extremities, a common issue when mobility is reduced. By gently squeezing the leg veins, these stockings encourage blood to flow more efficiently back towards the heart.
This consistent pressure helps reduce venous stasis, the slowing or stagnation of blood flow in the veins. When blood moves more briskly, blood clots are less likely to form. The stockings provide external support to the vein walls, assisting the natural pumping action that occurs with muscle movement. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in preventing DVT, which can lead to more severe conditions if a clot dislodges and travels to the lungs.
When and Why They Are Used
Anti-embolism stockings are prescribed for patients who are immobile or have limited activity, such as those recovering from surgery. Individuals undergoing major procedures, especially orthopedic or abdominal surgery, face an increased risk of blood clots due to prolonged inactivity and changes in their circulatory system. Applying these stockings as soon as possible after surgery, ideally before the patient mobilizes, is recommended to mitigate this risk.
They are also used for bedridden patients due to illness or injury, where maintaining healthy blood flow is a challenge. Additionally, they may be advised for individuals with medical conditions that heighten their susceptibility to blood clots, including some cancers, heart or lung problems, or a history of blood clots. For those undertaking long-distance travel, anti-embolism stockings can help reduce the risk of clot formation associated with extended sitting.
Distinguishing Them From Other Compression Stockings
Anti-embolism stockings differ from other types of compression stockings in their intended use, compression levels, and design. They are designed for non-mobile or bedridden patients to prevent blood clot formation. They provide graduated compression, typically at a lower level (often 8 to 18 mmHg), aimed at maintaining proper blood flow in individuals with limited movement.
In contrast, other compression stockings, such as those for varicose veins or lymphedema, are designed for mobile individuals. While also applying graduated compression, they come in a wider range of higher compression levels (often exceeding 18 mmHg) and manage existing circulatory issues like swelling or venous insufficiency. Anti-embolism stockings are usually white and may feature an inspection toe hole to monitor circulation, while other compression stockings offer various colors and styles for daily wear.