Sedona, Arizona, features a unique ecosystem defined by a dramatic convergence of landscapes, creating a haven for diverse wildlife. This high desert region is characterized by iconic red rock formations and sits at an elevation of about 4,500 feet, surrounded by the Coconino National Forest. Perennial water sources, particularly Oak Creek Canyon, transform the arid environment into a lush riparian habitat. This mix of high desert and pinyon-juniper woodlands allows a wide spectrum of animals to thrive, offering frequent opportunities for wildlife viewing.
Common Mammals of the Red Rock Country
Mid-sized mammals are commonly encountered near Sedona’s city limits and hiking trails. The Collared Peccary, locally known as Javelina, is a prominent resident resembling a wild pig. Javelina are social animals that move in herds, often foraging for prickly pear cactus and roots near dawn and dusk.
Mule Deer are year-round residents, recognizable by their large, mule-like ears. They are most active during the crepuscular hours, retreating to denser riparian vegetation during the heat of the day. The smaller Coues white-tail deer subspecies is also found in the Oak Creek Canyon habitat.
Coyotes are opportunistic carnivores frequently sighted, typically hunting for rodents and other small prey. They may be seen near residential areas, especially around twilight, and are often heard howling in packs at night.
Avian Species in the High Desert
Sedona is situated along important migratory routes, making the high desert ecosystem a significant location for birdwatchers. The riparian corridor of Oak Creek Canyon supports over 140 bird species. Impressive raptors utilize the high red rock cliffs for nesting and hunting.
The Peregrine Falcon nests on these cliffs, hunting smaller birds and swifts. Larger raptors, including the Common Black Hawk and the American Bald Eagle, frequent the area, drawn to water sources for fish and other prey.
Smaller, colorful birds are abundant, including the vibrant Vermillion Flycatcher, often seen catching insects near the water. Hummingbirds (Broad-tailed, Anna’s, and Black-chinned varieties) visit local gardens and feeders during warmer months. Western Bluebirds add a flash of azure to the juniper and pinyon woodlands.
Ground Level Wildlife and Safety
Encounters with smaller creatures near the ground require particular caution. Rattlesnakes, such as the black-tailed rattlesnake, are seen during the warmer months (April to October). They are most active at night during the hottest part of summer, but may be found sunning themselves on rocks and trails during the day in spring and fall.
If a rattlesnake is encountered, immediately stop, locate the animal, and move slowly away to create distance. They can strike up to two-thirds of their body length, so maintaining a safe perimeter is important. Never attempt to provoke or capture a snake; seek professional medical attention immediately if a bite occurs.
Arachnids, including scorpions and tarantulas, are also part of the ecosystem. The Arizona Bark Scorpion, the only species of medical concern in the state, is nocturnal and often hides in shoes, clothing, or under rocks. Hikers should check their footwear and clothing before dressing, and use a flashlight when walking at night. Tarantulas are less dangerous, but ground-level crevices and woodpiles should be avoided.