Aruba, a Caribbean island, is known for its diverse natural environment. Its ecosystem is shaped by an arid climate and island isolation. This fosters a variety of animal life across varied habitats, from coastal mangroves to dry scrublands. Species adapt to challenging conditions, including limited freshwater resources.
Land Dwellers
Aruba’s terrestrial landscape is home to a range of observable animals. Reptiles include the Green Iguana, known locally as Yuwana, which can grow up to two meters long. While young iguanas are bright green, they often develop grey or blue tones as adults. Smaller lizards like the Striped Anole, or Waltaka, are typically brown with stripes and prefer rocky areas, measuring around seven centimeters in length.
Over 250 bird species inhabit the island. Notable residents include the Troupial, a striking bird with orange and black plumage. The Caribbean Parakeet, or Prikichi, Aruba’s national bird, exhibits blue-winged and yellow-orange feathers. Hummingbirds, such as the Blue-tailed Emerald, are frequent visitors to gardens, while coastal areas host Laughing Gulls and Brown Pelicans.
Wild donkeys, locally called buricos, are part of Aruba’s history. Introduced by the Spanish centuries ago, these animals were once vital for transportation. Their population significantly declined but has since recovered to around 80 to 100 individuals, often seen roaming freely in areas like Arikok National Park or near Baby Beach. Wild goats also inhabit parts of the island.
Ocean Inhabitants
Aruba’s surrounding waters host marine life, particularly around its coral reefs. Coral reefs feature species like brain, star, and elkhorn coral, providing shelter and habitat. Snorkeling and diving spots like Boca Catalina and Malmok Beach offer views of this marine environment.
Reefs host fish species like the colorful parrotfish, recognized for their neon hues and their role in cleaning reefs. Other common sightings include angelfish, damselfish, and sergeant majors. Divers might also spot moray eels, boxfish, and trumpetfish.
Four species of sea turtles regularly visit Aruba’s beaches for nesting: the Leatherback, Loggerhead, Green, and Hawksbill turtles. All these species are considered endangered. Nesting season typically occurs between March and September, with hatching taking place from May to November, particularly on beaches like Eagle Beach and Boca Grandi.
Unique and Endemic Species
Aruba is home to several animal species found nowhere else globally. The Aruban Burrowing Owl, known locally as Shoco, is a small owl. Unlike most owls, the Shoco is primarily active during the day and builds its nests in underground burrows. This owl is a recognized symbol of Aruba, though its population has declined.
The Aruban Rattlesnake, or Cascabel, is a venomous pit viper endemic to the island and is among the rarest rattlesnakes in the world. This critically endangered snake typically measures between two and three feet long and exhibits pale tan, peach, or blue-gray coloration with faint diamond patterns. It primarily inhabits the rocky, dry interior of the island, particularly within Arikok National Park, and encounters with humans are infrequent as it avoids populated areas. Conservation programs, including captive breeding, are in place to help preserve this unique reptile, with as few as 230 individuals remaining in the wild.
Another endemic species is the Aruban Whiptail Lizard, known as Kododo. This is the most common lizard species on the island, with males displaying vibrant blue coloring and white dots, while females are typically brown with blue dots or subtle markings. These agile lizards are capable of moving at speeds up to 30 kilometers per hour when warmed by the sun. Their diet includes insects, flowers, nectar, leaves, and fruits, and they play a role in seed dispersal across the island.