Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a plant widely recognized for its unique effects on felines. Cat owners frequently observe their pets displaying a range of behaviors when exposed to this common herb.
The Catnip Effect on Cats
The distinctive reactions observed in domestic cats are primarily due to nepetalactone, a chemical compound found in the leaves and stems of the catnip plant. When cats inhale nepetalactone, it binds to receptors in their nasal tissue, signaling specific brain areas like the amygdala and hypothalamus. This interaction is thought to mimic certain feline pheromones, influencing mood and behavior.
Cats under the influence of catnip often exhibit behaviors such as sniffing, licking, chewing, and rubbing against the plant. Some may roll, purr, vocalize, or become hyperactive, while others might show aggression. The effects typically last between 5 to 15 minutes. Not all domestic cats are susceptible; approximately 50% to 80% of adult cats respond, and this sensitivity is a genetically inherited trait.
Beyond Domestic Cats: Other Responding Animals
The fascinating response to catnip extends beyond common house cats to many other members of the feline family. Large wild cats such as lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars, bobcats, servals, lynx, and cougars have also been observed to react to the plant. Their behaviors often mirror those of domestic cats, including rolling, rubbing, and an increase in playful activity. This shared reaction across different feline species suggests a common genetic predisposition within the cat family to respond to nepetalactone.
Animals Unaffected by Catnip and Safety Considerations
A significant portion of the feline population, including some domestic cats and all kittens younger than three to six months, do not exhibit a noticeable response to catnip. This lack of reaction is primarily due to genetic factors and the absence of specific receptors needed to process nepetalactone. Other animal groups, such as dogs, rabbits, rodents, birds, and fish, generally show no reaction.
Catnip is considered safe and non-addictive for responding cats. While cats cannot technically overdose in a life-threatening way, ingesting very large amounts can lead to mild stomach upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Therefore, it is advisable to offer catnip in moderation. The plant does not cause withdrawal symptoms, and cats remain aware of their surroundings while under its influence.