Possums, primarily the Virginia opossum in North America, are adaptable marsupials known for their nocturnal habits and ability to thrive in various environments. These animals, roughly the size of a house cat, are generalist feeders, consuming a wide range of foods including insects, fruits, and small animals. Despite their resilience and unique defense mechanisms like “playing dead,” possums frequently become prey for a variety of other animals. Their vulnerability makes them a food source for numerous predators across their habitats.
Mammalian Predators
Mammalian predators actively hunt possums. Coyotes, as adaptable omnivores, readily prey on possums, utilizing their acute senses to detect these marsupials moving at night. These canids often hunt alone or in pairs, relying on their speed and keen hearing to capture their prey.
Foxes, particularly red foxes, are also common predators, known for their cunning and quick movements that make it difficult for possums to escape. Bobcats, wild felines distributed across North and Central America, frequently include possums in their diet. They can easily overpower possums on the ground, using short bursts of speed.
Domestic dogs, both feral and free-ranging, also threaten possums. These canines retain hunting instincts and can coordinate attacks, especially in packs. Raccoons may opportunistically prey on young or injured possums. Larger wild cats, such as cougars, may also target possums when other food sources are scarce. Dingoes, found in Australia, prey on Australian possum species.
Avian Predators
Large birds of prey hunt possums, particularly at night. Owls, like the great horned owl, are effective hunters. These birds possess exceptional hearing, allowing them to locate prey in complete darkness, and their sharp talons and beaks enable them to quickly subdue possums. Studies have indicated that possum remains are frequently found in the pellets and leftovers of great horned owls.
Hawks, although generally more active during the day, also prey on possums. Larger species such as the red-tailed hawk and red-shouldered hawk can overpower adult possums. These raptors often swoop down at high speeds from concealed perches, seizing their prey with powerful talons and typically aiming for a swift kill by striking the head or neck. Hawks opportunistically attack possums, especially when hungry.
Other Opportunistic Predators
Other animals also prey on possums, especially younger or vulnerable individuals. Large snakes, including pythons and constrictors, are known to consume possums. These reptiles often ambush their prey, constricting them before swallowing them whole. This form of predation is more common in regions where large snake species overlap with possum habitats.
In some specific habitats, larger reptiles or even amphibians might opportunistically prey on possums, though these encounters are less frequent. Domestic cats, while smaller than many other predators, can also prey on young possums. Possums, due to their size and slower movement, can become a food source for various animals.