Foxtail grass is prevalent worldwide in temperate and subtropical regions. It often grows in disturbed areas like roadsides, fields, gardens, and residential lawns. Characterized by bushy, spike-like seed heads resembling a fox’s tail, this plant can be annual or perennial. While appearing harmless, foxtail grass poses risks to animals.
Animals That Consume Foxtail Grass
Various animals may come into contact with or consume foxtail grass, often inadvertently. Grazing animals, such as cattle and horses, might ingest it while feeding in pastures or on low-quality hay. Wildlife also encounters this grass as part of their natural foraging habits in fields and open areas. Consumption is less problematic when the plant is young and soft, before its hazardous seed heads fully develop and harden.
As the plant matures and dries, the seed heads become brittle and easily detach. Domestic animals, including dogs and cats, are susceptible to exposure during outdoor activities. These animals might ingest the grass or its seeds while sniffing, exploring, or grooming themselves.
Why Foxtail Grass is Dangerous to Animals
Foxtail grass poses significant dangers due to its unique barbed seed heads, known as awns. These awns feature a sharp point and microscopic, backward-pointing barbs, which allow them to move in one direction and prevent them from easily backing out once embedded. Unlike other plant material, foxtail awns do not break down or dissolve inside an animal’s body. This physical characteristic allows them to attach to fur, skin, or mucous membranes and then migrate deeper into various tissues.
The awns can enter an animal’s body through several points, including the ears, nose, eyes, mouth, throat, or paws. Once inside, they can travel through soft tissues, causing severe issues. Complications include localized inflammation, abscess formation, and widespread infections as the awns carry bacteria deeper into the body. If left untreated, migrating foxtails can lead to serious conditions such as tissue damage, lameness, difficulty breathing, or even penetrate organs like the lungs, brain, or abdominal cavity, potentially fatal.
Strategies for Animal Safety Around Foxtail Grass
Protecting animals from foxtail grass involves proactive management and vigilant inspection. Regularly inspecting yards and pastures for foxtail growth and removing the plants before their seeds mature can significantly reduce risk. Mowing infested areas short can help prevent the development and dispersal of dangerous seed heads. For larger areas, applying pre-emergent herbicides in early spring can prevent foxtail seeds from germinating, while post-emergent options can address existing plants.
After outdoor activities, especially in grassy areas, thoroughly inspect your animals for any attached foxtail awns. Pay close attention to areas where awns commonly lodge:
Between the toes
Inside ears
Around the eyes
In the nose
In dense fur
Grooming pets frequently and trimming hair, especially on the paws and around the ears, can make detection easier. If you observe signs like persistent sneezing, head shaking, paw licking, limping, or any unusual swelling or discharge, seek veterinary attention promptly. Early intervention is important, as embedded foxtails can continue to migrate and cause more severe problems over time.