Molars are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, designed for grinding food into smaller pieces before swallowing. Their emergence is a developmental milestone, occurring in distinct stages throughout childhood and adolescence.
Primary Molars
Primary molars, also known as baby molars, typically begin to emerge during infancy and toddlerhood. The first primary molars usually appear between 13 and 19 months of age, with the second primary molars following between 23 and 33 months of age. While the exact timing can vary for each child, the general sequence of eruption tends to be consistent. This process, known as teething, can bring about several common symptoms.
Children may experience increased drooling, fussiness, and mild discomfort as these teeth break through the gums. Gum sensitivity and swelling are also frequently observed, and children might show a desire to chew on objects. Some children may also exhibit sleep disturbances and a decreased appetite for solid foods during this period. A slight elevation in body temperature, typically not a high fever, can also accompany molar eruption.
Permanent Molars
As children grow, their primary molars are eventually replaced by permanent teeth, and additional molars emerge further back in the jaw. The first permanent molars, often called “six-year molars,” typically erupt between the ages of 6 and 7 years. These molars do not replace any primary teeth but instead emerge behind existing baby teeth, establishing the bite and influencing jaw development. The second permanent molars usually appear between 11 and 13 years of age.
The third permanent molars, commonly known as wisdom teeth, are the last to erupt, typically making their appearance between 17 and 21 years of age, if they emerge at all. Not everyone develops wisdom teeth, and for those who do, there may not always be sufficient space for them to erupt properly. These permanent molars aid in efficient chewing and contribute to the overall structure of the adult dentition.
Molar Care
Caring for emerging molars involves managing discomfort and maintaining oral hygiene. For infants and toddlers, gentle gum massage with a clean finger, a cool washcloth, or a chilled teething ring can provide relief. Offering cold foods, such as chilled fruits in a mesh feeder, can also help alleviate soreness. Over-the-counter pain relievers, suitable for a child’s age and weight, may be used for significant discomfort.
Establishing a consistent oral hygiene routine is important as soon as teeth emerge. Brushing molars twice daily with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste is recommended. For children under three, a smear or rice-grain-sized amount of toothpaste is sufficient; a pea-sized amount is appropriate for ages three to six. Regular dental check-ups are also important to ensure proper development and address any concerns.
When to Seek Dental Advice
While molar eruption is a natural process, consulting a dentist is advisable in specific instances. If a child shows no signs of tooth eruption by 12 months, or if remaining primary teeth have not emerged by four years, a dental evaluation is recommended. Persistent, severe pain or discomfort lasting longer than a week should also prompt a visit.
A high fever, typically above 100.4°F (38°C), should be evaluated by a healthcare provider, as this is generally not a typical symptom of teething. Concerns about unusual tooth alignment, significant swelling, or signs of infection around an erupting molar warrant professional assessment. For older individuals, issues with wisdom teeth, such as pain, swelling, or impaction, indicate a need for dental consultation.