A routine dental cleaning is a foundational preventive procedure performed primarily by a dental hygienist to maintain oral health. This appointment removes deposits that cannot be eliminated through standard home care, such as brushing and flossing. The process aims to stop the progression of gum disease and tooth decay before they become serious issues.
Initial Assessment and Examination
The appointment begins with the hygienist reviewing your medical history, as changes in systemic health or medications can affect oral tissues. A visual and tactile examination of the mouth is then conducted using a small, angled mirror. This inspection checks the teeth, gums, tongue, and soft tissues for signs of inflammation, decay, or abnormalities.
A specialized instrument called a periodontal probe measures the depth of the sulcus, the shallow pocket between the tooth and the gum tissue. Measurements greater than three millimeters may indicate the start of gum disease, prompting the recording of a periodontal chart. Diagnostic images, such as bitewing X-rays, are often taken to reveal hidden problems like bone loss or decay between the teeth.
Scaling and Plaque Removal
The core of the cleaning process involves scaling, which removes hardened plaque, known as calculus or tartar, from the tooth surfaces. Scaling targets deposits both above the gum line and in the shallow sulcus pockets. The hygienist may begin by using an ultrasonic scaler, a device that generates high-frequency vibrations to fracture and dislodge the calculus.
The ultrasonic tip is simultaneously cooled by a stream of water, which flushes away debris and bacteria. Alternatively, or in combination, the hygienist uses fine, curved hand instruments called scalers and curettes. These instruments allow for precise manual debridement, relying on tactile feedback to scrape away any remaining soft plaque and mineralized tartar. A suction tool is used throughout this stage to keep the mouth clear and comfortable.
Polishing and Protective Treatments
Once heavy deposits are removed, the cleaning transitions to a refining process that smooths the tooth surface. A slow-speed handpiece with a soft, rotating rubber cup or brush is used with a mildly abrasive prophylactic paste. This paste removes residual soft plaque and extrinsic stains caused by food or tobacco, leaving the enamel glossy.
Polishing is followed by flossing performed by the hygienist, which cleans the tight spaces between the teeth and removes any remaining polishing paste. The final step is the application of a topical fluoride treatment, typically a varnish, gel, or foam. This concentrated fluoride is applied directly to the teeth to speed up the remineralization process, strengthening the enamel and making teeth resistant to acid erosion and decay.
Final Review and Consultation
The appointment concludes with the dentist performing a final comprehensive examination. The dentist reviews the findings from the hygienist’s periodontal charting and the diagnostic X-rays for a complete picture of your oral health. They conduct a visual check for signs of decay, assess the bite, and perform an oral cancer screening by examining the neck, jaw, and soft tissues.
Any potential issues, such as new cavities or areas of gum recession, are discussed, and a treatment plan is presented. The dentist or hygienist provides personalized advice on home care, including brushing techniques and recommended products. The visit is finalized by scheduling the next routine appointment, typically six months later.