Tornadoes are powerful and destructive phenomena. A common question is what they sound like. Understanding these distinct sounds is important for recognizing their presence and taking appropriate safety measures.
The Roar of a Tornado
The most recognized description of a tornado’s sound is a freight train. This continuous, deep rumbling or roar intensifies as the tornado approaches. However, the specific sound varies depending on the tornado’s size, intensity, and proximity.
Beyond the “freight train” comparison, other descriptions include a loud whooshing sound, similar to a waterfall or rushing rapids. Some witnesses liken it to a jet engine, or the buzzing of bees or electricity for smaller funnel clouds. The sound is often deafening, making it difficult to hear anything else once the tornado is very close.
Understanding the Sound’s Origins
The characteristic sounds of a tornado arise from several physical mechanisms. Extreme wind speeds within the vortex generate noise as air rotates rapidly. This is comparable to the loud sound of wind when driving at high speeds with a car window down, but magnified. The force of these winds against the ground also contributes to the overall roar.
A major component of the sound comes from the tornado’s interaction with its environment, especially debris. As the tornado moves, it lifts and hurls objects like branches, rocks, and structural components, creating impacts and tearing sounds. This mixture of high-speed airflow and debris amplifies the noise, contributing to the “rumble.” Changes in air pressure within the tornado also play a role, as the rapid pressure drop can create a roaring noise and cause physical sensations like ear popping.
Responding to the Sound of a Tornado
Hearing the distinct sound of a tornado indicates it is very close, requiring immediate action. Waiting to visually confirm the tornado once its sound is audible can be dangerous, as seconds for seeking shelter may be lost. Prioritize safety over attempting to observe the storm.
Upon hearing the sound, move immediately to a safe shelter. Safest locations include a basement, storm cellar, or an interior room on the lowest level of a sturdy building, such as a closet or bathroom. Stay away from windows, doors, and outside walls, as these offer little protection against flying debris. If outdoors or in a vehicle, seek shelter in the nearest sturdy building, or if not possible, lie flat in a low-lying area like a ditch and protect your head.