The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measures how effectively kidneys filter waste from the blood. Maintaining kidney health is important for overall well-being, as kidneys perform various functions, including balancing electrolytes, regulating fluid, and clearing toxins from the body. A specific GFR value, such as 71, often prompts questions about kidney health and what it signifies for an individual. This measurement helps healthcare providers assess kidney function and guide diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Understanding GFR
GFR measures how much blood passes through the tiny filters in the kidneys, called glomeruli, each minute. It is often used with albuminuria to determine the extent of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While a direct measurement of GFR is complex and not routinely performed, it is commonly estimated using a blood test for creatinine.
Creatinine is a waste product generated from normal muscle activity, and healthy kidneys efficiently remove it from the bloodstream. When kidney function declines, creatinine levels in the blood tend to rise. The estimated GFR (eGFR) is calculated using a formula that considers serum creatinine levels, age, sex, and body size. Normal GFR values range from 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m², though these values naturally decrease with age. Reduced GFR values can signal kidney disease.
What a GFR of 71 Means
A GFR of 71 mL/min/1.73 m² places an individual in Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This stage indicates mild kidney damage, where the kidneys are still functioning well but show signs of damage. While kidney function is mildly reduced, individuals in Stage 2 CKD usually experience no noticeable symptoms because the kidneys can still filter blood effectively. However, other indicators of kidney damage, such as protein in the urine (albuminuria), may be present.
This GFR value means it is important to monitor kidney health to prevent further decline. Factors influencing this number include age, as GFR naturally decreases over time, and gender, due to differences in muscle mass and creatinine production. Underlying health conditions, such as high blood pressure or diabetes, affect GFR readings and contribute to kidney damage. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is recommended to track changes in GFR and address any contributing factors.
Steps for Kidney Health
Proactive steps are beneficial for individuals with a GFR of 71 or anyone aiming to maintain kidney health. Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure is important, as these commonly cause kidney damage. Controlling blood sugar and blood pressure within target ranges helps reduce stress on the kidneys and can prevent further damage to their filtering units. Medications prescribed by a healthcare provider for these conditions should be taken as directed.
Lifestyle modifications play a role in supporting kidney function. Adopting a healthy diet involves limiting sodium, managing potassium and phosphorus levels, and consuming a balanced array of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood pressure, and improves overall cardiovascular health, which indirectly benefits the kidneys. Avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption is also recommended, as these habits can damage blood vessels and worsen kidney function. Regular medical check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor kidney function, assess damage progression, and offer personalized advice.