Vaginal gel is a type of topical product formulated for use inside the vaginal canal. These products are typically water-based and serve various functions related to health and comfort. They are absorbed by the mucosal tissue, adhering to the vaginal walls to deliver their intended effects, which can range from providing moisture to delivering medication. The consistency of these gels allows them to remain in place longer than thinner liquids might. Gels are distinct from creams or ointments, designed to be compatible with the sensitive environment of the vagina.
Common Uses for Vaginal Gels
One of the most frequent uses is for moisturizing and lubrication. While often grouped together, moisturizers and lubricants serve different functions. Vaginal moisturizers are intended for regular use to alleviate ongoing vaginal dryness, a condition often associated with menopause. They work by rehydrating the vaginal tissues and can provide comfort that lasts for several days with a single application.
Lubricants, on the other hand, are designed for short-term use to reduce friction during sexual activity. Their purpose is to ease discomfort and prevent pain associated with intercourse when natural lubrication is insufficient. Using a lubricant can help make sexual experiences more comfortable.
Another application for vaginal gels is to help balance the vagina’s pH level. A healthy vaginal environment is naturally acidic, which helps manage the growth of certain bacteria. When this pH balance is disrupted, it can lead to conditions like bacterial vaginosis. Gels formulated with acid-buffering agents can help restore and maintain the normal vaginal acidity.
Certain gels are formulated as a method of non-hormonal contraception. These products work by creating an environment that is inhospitable to sperm, using either a spermicidal agent or by regulating the vaginal pH. These are applied before intercourse as a method of pregnancy prevention.
Some vaginal gels are a delivery system for prescription medications. These products are used to apply hormones, such as estrogen, directly to the vaginal tissues to treat symptoms of vaginal atrophy. Because these gels contain potent medications, they require a prescription and monitoring by a healthcare professional.
Proper Application of Vaginal Gels
Proper application of vaginal gel ensures the product is delivered effectively. Before beginning, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Many gels come with either pre-filled, single-use applicators or a tube with a reusable applicator. If using a reusable applicator, fill it from the tube to the dose marked on the barrel.
To apply the gel, find a comfortable position. Many people find it easiest to lie on their back with their knees bent. Another option is to stand with one foot raised on a stable surface, like a chair. This positioning helps to relax the pelvic muscles for easier insertion.
Hold the filled applicator by the barrel and gently insert it into the vagina as far as it will comfortably go. Press the plunger until it stops to release the gel into the vagina. After the gel has been deposited, carefully remove the applicator.
If the applicator is disposable, it should be thrown away. Reusable applicators should be cleaned according to the product’s instructions, which involves washing both pieces with mild soap and warm water.
Always read and follow the specific instructions included with the product you are using. Using your fingers for application is another method, though applicators are designed to place the gel higher in the vaginal canal.
Understanding Ingredients and Potential Side Effects
When selecting a vaginal gel, understanding its ingredients can help you choose a suitable product. Common mild side effects can include temporary burning, itching, or general irritation. Being aware of certain ingredients can help prevent discomfort.
Some ingredients may be problematic for certain individuals. Glycerin is sometimes linked to an increased risk of yeast infections, though research on this connection is mixed. Other ingredients to be aware of include parabens, strong fragrances, and propylene glycol, as they can cause irritation for those with sensitive skin. Spermicides like nonoxynol-9 can also be harsh on vaginal tissues.
Some ingredients are included for their beneficial properties. Lactic acid is often used to help maintain the vagina’s natural acidic pH. Hyaluronic acid is another ingredient found in some moisturizers because of its ability to attract and retain moisture.
Reading the label and choosing products with simple, clearly listed ingredients can help minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
While many over-the-counter vaginal gels are safe, there are situations where consulting a healthcare provider is necessary. If you experience symptoms that are severe, do not improve with the use of a gel, or worsen, seek medical advice. Symptoms like intense itching, pelvic pain, or a foul-smelling discharge could indicate an underlying condition that requires treatment.
It is important to get a proper diagnosis before attempting to self-treat. Conditions like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections can have similar symptoms, but they require different treatments. Using the wrong product may be ineffective or could exacerbate the problem.
A healthcare provider can perform tests to determine the exact cause of your symptoms. You should also see a doctor before using a vaginal gel if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you suspect you may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
If over-the-counter products do not provide relief, a provider can discuss prescription-strength options that may be more effective.