Tranylcypromine is a prescription medication used to address certain forms of depression. It is prescribed when other treatment approaches have not been effective.
Understanding Tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine belongs to a class of antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are important for mood regulation. By inhibiting this enzyme, Tranylcypromine increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, helping to alleviate depressive symptoms. It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, particularly in cases where individuals have not responded to other antidepressants.
How to Use Tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine is prescribed as an oral tablet, taken one to three times a day. Follow a healthcare professional’s specific instructions regarding dosage and administration. Take the medication exactly as directed, and do not stop taking it abruptly. Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms, so any changes to the treatment plan must be made under medical supervision.
Potential Side Effects
Tranylcypromine can cause side effects. Common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, and headaches. Some individuals may also experience postural hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, which can cause lightheadedness or fainting.
More serious or less common side effects require immediate medical attention. These include severe headache, chest pain, vision changes, or signs of liver injury such as yellowing skin or eyes. There is also a risk of serotonin syndrome, with symptoms like agitation, confusion, rapid heart rate, and muscle spasms, or a hypertensive crisis, characterized by a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure.
Important Warnings and Interactions
Tranylcypromine requires careful management due to warnings and potential interactions. The risk of hypertensive crisis, a dangerous rise in blood pressure, can occur from consuming foods high in tyramine. Tyramine-rich foods to avoid include aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented products like sauerkraut and soy sauce, certain alcoholic beverages, and some overripe fruits. Consult a healthcare provider or nutritionist for a comprehensive list of foods to avoid.
The medication also has drug interactions. Concomitant use with other antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), can lead to serious conditions like serotonin syndrome. A “washout period” is required when switching between Tranylcypromine and certain other medications, a medication-free interval to prevent adverse reactions.
Avoid stimulants, certain over-the-counter cold and allergy medications, and alcohol while taking Tranylcypromine, as these can increase the risk of serious side effects. Inform all healthcare providers about Tranylcypromine use to ensure safe and effective treatment.