The wax gourd, known scientifically as Benincasa hispida, is a large fruit used as a vegetable. Also called the winter melon or ash gourd, it is a member of the gourd family, which includes cucumbers and zucchini. It is widely cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. The name “winter melon” derives from the fruit’s ability to be stored for several months into the winter, thanks to its protective waxy skin.
Appearance and Selection
The wax gourd is notable for its substantial size and distinct appearance. It can be round or oblong and features a dark green rind that, upon maturing, develops a signature chalky, waxy coating. This white, powdery layer gives the fruit its “ash gourd” name and helps in its preservation. The flesh inside is thick, white, and crisp.
When selecting a wax gourd, look for one that feels heavy for its size with a firm rind. Avoid any with soft spots, deep blemishes, or cracks, as these can indicate spoilage. Due to their large size, wax gourds are often sold in pre-cut wedges. A whole melon can be stored for three to five months in a cool, dark place, while cut pieces should be wrapped and refrigerated for about a week.
Culinary Uses and Preparation
The wax gourd has a very mild and slightly sweet flavor, often compared to a cucumber. Its texture is crisp when raw but becomes exceptionally tender when cooked. A key characteristic is its ability to absorb the flavors of other ingredients it is cooked with, making it a versatile component in many dishes.
Preparing a wax gourd begins with cutting through its tough rind with a large knife. The skin is inedible and should be peeled away. Inside, a central cavity contains seeds and a pithy substance that should be scooped out and discarded. The remaining white flesh can then be diced or sliced as needed for the recipe.
This prepared flesh is popularly used in soups, such as the well-known winter melon soup, where it is often simmered in broth with other ingredients like mushrooms and meats. It is also frequently added to stews, curries, and stir-fries. Beyond savory dishes, the gourd can be candied or used as a filling in pastries and cakes. A syrup made from the gourd is even used to create a popular beverage known as winter melon tea.
Nutritional Value
The wax gourd is distinguished by its high water content, which is approximately 96%. This makes it a very low-calorie food, containing only about 13 calories per 100-gram serving. The fruit also provides a good amount of dietary fiber, which can aid in digestion.
The gourd contains several vitamins and minerals. It is a source of Vitamin C, an antioxidant that supports the immune system. It also provides smaller amounts of B-complex vitamins, such as riboflavin. Wax gourd also contains potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc.