Pele’s Hair is a natural phenomenon often mistaken for a plant. It is a type of volcanic glass fiber formed during specific volcanic eruptions. This material results from molten lava interacting with air, creating delicate, hair-like strands. It is a byproduct of Earth’s volcanic forces.
Formation and Appearance
Pele’s Hair forms through the rapid cooling and stretching of basaltic lava. When molten lava droplets are ejected into the air from lava fountains, cascading flows, or vigorous vents, they stretch into fine threads. The lava’s outer skin cools quickly, solidifying into volcanic glass and preserving these elongated strands.
These distinctive strands appear golden or yellowish-brown with a shiny, glass-like luster. They are extremely fragile and brittle, ranging in length from short fragments to strands up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) long. Their diameter is remarkably thin, generally between 1 and 300 micrometers.
Where It’s Found and Why
Pele’s Hair is primarily found in active volcanic regions globally, especially around Hawaii’s Kīlauea volcano. Its formation requires specific environmental conditions where fluid basaltic lava is ejected into the air. Strong winds acting on lava fountains or turbulent flows stretch the molten material into fine glass strands.
These lightweight fibers can be carried by wind for several kilometers from their source, accumulating in various locations. They are often observed in crevices, on rocks, or entangled in vegetation and power lines downwind from active vents. Similar formations have been documented at other volcanoes worldwide, including Masaya in Nicaragua, Mount Etna in Italy, and Erta’ Ale in Ethiopia.
Hazards and Safety Considerations
Despite its delicate appearance, Pele’s Hair poses hazards due to its glass-like composition. The strands are sharp and brittle, easily breaking into tiny, needle-like fragments. Direct contact can lead to skin irritation, as these small pieces can embed themselves like splinters.
Eye irritation is a concern, with particles potentially causing corneal abrasions if they enter the eyes. While most strands are too large to be deeply inhaled, smaller fragments (less than 10 micrometers) might pose a respiratory risk, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions. Therefore, avoid picking up or handling Pele’s Hair. In areas where it is present, wearing protective clothing, gloves, eye protection, and a well-fitting N95 mask can help minimize exposure. If cleaning up Pele’s Hair, use water to rinse it away from surfaces like vehicles rather than wiping, as it can scratch finishes.
Cultural Significance and Misconceptions
The name “Pele’s Hair” originates from Hawaiian folklore, linking these volcanic fibers to Pele, the goddess of volcanoes and fire. In Hawaiian, it is “Lauoho o Pele,” meaning “the hair of Pele,” reflecting the belief that these strands are remnants of the goddess. This connection highlights the cultural significance of volcanic phenomena in Hawaiian traditions, where natural events are intertwined with narratives and spiritual beliefs.
A common misunderstanding is that Pele’s Hair is a plant, possibly due to its hair-like appearance. However, it is a natural volcanic glass, a mineraloid, not a botanical organism. The presence of Pele’s Hair serves as a geological indicator, offering volcanologists insights into eruption characteristics like magma temperature and velocity.