Strep throat is a common bacterial infection caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). Unlike most sore throats, which are viral and resolve on their own, this infection requires targeted medical intervention. Failing to treat strep throat can lead to serious complications, such as rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation, making prompt and accurate care necessary. This guide provides advice on the actions you should and should not take to ensure an effective recovery and prevent the infection from spreading.
Seeking Medical Confirmation and Treatment Adherence
Do not attempt to self-diagnose a bacterial sore throat, as many viral infections can present similarly. See a healthcare provider immediately to receive a definitive diagnosis through a rapid antigen detection test or a throat culture. If the rapid test is negative, a throat culture may be performed, especially for children, to confirm the absence of infection, with results taking up to two days.
Once strep throat is confirmed, start the prescribed antibiotic treatment right away. This is the only way to eliminate the bacteria and prevent complications. Antibiotics, often a 10-day course of penicillin or amoxicillin, work quickly, and most people begin to feel better within 48 hours. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not begin to improve after two full days on the medication, as this may indicate a need to adjust the treatment.
Do not stop taking the medication once you start feeling better. Stopping the course early allows bacteria to survive, potentially leading to a relapse or dangerous long-term complications. The duration of the antibiotic course is designed to completely eradicate the bacterial population. Similarly, do not share your prescription, as antibiotics are specific medications intended only for the person diagnosed.
Managing Symptoms and Comfort at Home
While antibiotics address the underlying infection, managing the severe throat pain is an important part of the recovery process. Focus on hydration by sipping warm liquids like clear broth or decaffeinated tea, which can soothe the throat and prevent dehydration. You can also use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to help reduce both the fever and the throat pain.
Gargle several times a day with warm salt water. A solution of about one-quarter teaspoon of salt mixed into eight ounces of warm water can temporarily ease throat discomfort and reduce swelling. Consume soft, easy-to-swallow foods, like mashed potatoes, yogurt, or smoothies, to maintain nutrition without irritating the sensitive tissues of the throat.
Do not consume acidic, spicy, or rough-textured foods, as these can inflame the tonsils and pharynx. This includes citrus juices and crunchy foods like chips or dry toast. Additionally, do not smoke or expose yourself to respiratory irritants, such as strong chemical fumes or heavy perfumes, which can aggravate the throat lining and prolong discomfort.
Stopping the Spread to Others
Stay home from work, school, or daycare to protect others. A person with strep throat remains contagious until they are fever-free and have been taking antibiotics for a minimum of 24 hours. This 24-hour mark signifies when the risk of transmission drops significantly.
Practice frequent hand washing with soap and water after coughing or sneezing. The bacteria spread through respiratory droplets, so cover all coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow. Do not share personal items, especially eating utensils, drinking cups, or towels, with anyone else in the household during the illness.
Replace your toothbrush shortly after you have been on antibiotics for 24 to 48 hours. The Group A Streptococcus bacteria can survive on the damp bristles, and a new one minimizes the risk of reinfection. If you share a bathroom, ensure your toothbrush is stored separately from others to prevent cross-contamination of the bacteria.