Tegoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) used to treat acid-related disorders like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. It differs from traditional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) by reversibly inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme in the stomach lining, which is responsible for acid secretion. This mechanism allows for a rapid onset of action and sustained reduction of gastric acid production. As with any medication, Tegoprazan can cause side effects, and understanding these is important for patients.
Common Side Effects of Tegoprazan
Many individuals taking Tegoprazan may experience mild side effects, which often improve as the body adjusts. Gastrointestinal disturbances are frequently reported, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms are generally not severe and may resolve without medical intervention.
Headaches are another common side effect. These headaches are typically mild and can often be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Patients have also reported dizziness, which can affect daily activities and increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults.
Clinical trials have indicated that the incidence rates for these common gastrointestinal adverse events range from approximately 2% to 4.9%. Specifically, diarrhea was noted as a frequent treatment-emergent adverse event in some studies. While generally well-tolerated, any persistent or severe common side effects should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Serious and Less Common Side Effects
While Tegoprazan is generally considered safe, some less common but more serious side effects can occur, requiring immediate medical attention. Allergic reactions are a possibility, manifesting as symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. These signs indicate a severe allergic response and necessitate urgent medical care.
Tegoprazan can also affect blood parameters, with some studies noting changes in liver function tests. These changes are often reversible and return to normal once the drug is discontinued. Regular monitoring of liver function by a healthcare provider may be suggested during treatment to ensure levels remain within a normal range.
Important Warnings and Contraindications
Certain conditions or situations warrant caution or prevent Tegoprazan use. Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Tegoprazan or any of its ingredients should avoid this medication. Taking Tegoprazan in such cases could lead to severe allergic reactions.
Patients with existing liver or kidney impairment should use Tegoprazan with caution, as the drug is metabolized in the liver. Healthcare providers may need to adjust dosages or monitor these patients more closely to prevent complications. Pregnancy and breastfeeding also require careful consideration; women in these situations should consult their healthcare provider to assess the potential benefits against any risks before starting Tegoprazan.
Tegoprazan can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of adverse reactions. For instance, it may interact with drugs metabolized by the liver, such as warfarin, which could affect blood levels and increase bleeding risk. Medications that influence stomach acidity, including antacids or H2-receptor antagonists, might impact Tegoprazan’s absorption and effectiveness. Additionally, certain antibiotics like clarithromycin and antifungal medications such as ketoconazole may interact, potentially requiring dosage adjustments or additional monitoring.
Managing Side Effects and When to Seek Help
Managing mild side effects of Tegoprazan often involves simple strategies. For instance, if stomach upset occurs, taking the medication with food might provide some relief. Patients experiencing headaches or dizziness should exercise caution when performing activities that require alertness, such as driving. If these common side effects become severe or persist, it is advisable to contact a healthcare professional for guidance.
Any occurrence of serious or less common side effects, such as signs of an allergic reaction (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) or symptoms indicating liver problems (jaundice, dark urine), warrants immediate medical attention. New or unexpected symptoms that appear after starting Tegoprazan should also be promptly reported to a healthcare provider. Patients should never discontinue Tegoprazan or alter their dosage without first consulting their doctor, as abruptly stopping the medication can lead to a return of symptoms.