The sensation of tears “burning” the skin is a real and often uncomfortable experience. Many people notice a stinging feeling or redness around their eyes and on their face after crying. This article will explore the biological reasons behind this sensation, detailing how both the composition of tears and the condition of your skin can contribute to the discomfort, and offer practical advice for relief.
Understanding Tears
Tears are far more complex than simple saltwater, serving multiple functions to maintain eye health. They lubricate the eye surface, wash away irritants, and provide essential nutrients to the cornea. The body produces three primary types of tears: basal tears, which are constantly present for lubrication; reflex tears, generated in response to irritants like smoke or dust; and emotional tears, produced during strong feelings such as sadness or joy. All tears consist mainly of water, but they also contain electrolytes like sodium and potassium, proteins, lipids, and mucins.
How Tear Composition Affects Skin
The chemical makeup of tears can influence how your skin reacts to them. Tears contain electrolytes, primarily sodium. When tears remain on the skin for an extended period, the water component can evaporate, leaving behind a more concentrated salt solution that can draw moisture out of the skin. This osmotic effect can lead to dryness and irritation, contributing to a burning sensation.
Tears also have a pH level that differs from the skin’s natural acidity. Human tears have a pH close to neutral or slightly alkaline (6.5 to 7.6). In contrast, healthy skin maintains a slightly acidic pH, between 5.5 and 6.0. Prolonged exposure to tears can temporarily alter the skin’s natural pH balance. This shift can disrupt the skin barrier, making it more vulnerable to irritation and leading to a stinging or burning sensation. Emotional tears also contain higher concentrations of stress hormones and proteins, which can contribute to irritation on sensitive skin.
When Skin Reacts to Tears
Beyond the properties of tears themselves, the condition of your skin plays a role in how it responds to tear exposure. Skin that is already dry or has a compromised barrier function is more susceptible to irritation. A weakened skin barrier, which can result from factors such as harsh cleansers, environmental stressors, or insufficient moisturization, means the skin’s protective outer layer is less effective at defending against external elements, including tears.
Pre-existing skin conditions can also heighten sensitivity to tears. Individuals with inflammatory skin disorders like eczema, contact dermatitis, or rosacea have a more reactive skin barrier. For these individuals, even normal tears can exacerbate existing redness, dryness, or inflammation, leading to increased discomfort and a burning sensation. The delicate skin around the eyes is thin and vulnerable, making it more prone to irritation from tears and the friction of wiping.
Finding Comfort
When tears irritate your skin, several steps can offer relief and help manage discomfort. Gently cleanse your face with lukewarm water and a mild, pH-balanced cleanser as soon as possible after crying. This removes tear residue and irritants. Avoid harsh rubbing or scrubbing, which can further damage the sensitive skin barrier.
Applying a hydrating moisturizer formulated for sensitive skin can help replenish lost moisture and support the skin barrier. Look for ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or squalane. Cool compresses, such as a clean cloth dampened with cool water, can also help reduce redness, swelling, and the burning sensation around the eyes. If you wear eye makeup, ensure gentle removal with a hypoallergenic product, as residues can mix with tears and contribute to irritation.
Seeking Medical Guidance
While occasional irritation from tears is common, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. You should consult a healthcare provider if the burning sensation is persistent or worsens despite home remedies. Seek medical attention for the development of a rash, swelling, severe pain, or any changes in vision.
Signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, pus, or fever, also indicate a need for medical care. A doctor can help determine if an underlying condition, such as dry eye syndrome, blepharitis (eyelid inflammation), or a dermatological condition, is contributing to the irritation. Identifying and treating these conditions can provide lasting relief and prevent further complications.