The terms “Swiss cheese plant” and “Monstera” are often used interchangeably, yet they refer to distinct botanical classifications and species. This article clarifies the relationship between these common names and introduces the most popular plants, highlighting their characteristics and care needs.
Understanding “Swiss Cheese Plant” and “Monstera”
“Monstera” is a genus of about 59 flowering plants in the Araceae family. The common name “Swiss cheese plant” describes plants known for their characteristic leaf perforations, but it is not a scientific classification. Two Monstera species frequently bear this common name: Monstera deliciosa and Monstera adansonii.
Monstera deliciosa is often considered the classic “Monstera,” recognized for its large, deeply split leaves, and is native to tropical forests from southern Mexico to Panama. Monstera adansonii, also known as the “Swiss cheese plant,” features more pronounced holes in its leaves. This species originates from the tropical rainforests of Central and South America.
Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is also called “Mini Monstera” or “Swiss cheese plant,” despite not being a true Monstera. While it shares the Araceae family, Rhaphidophora tetrasperma belongs to a different genus, Rhaphidophora. This vining plant is native to Southeast Asia.
Distinctive Visual Characteristics
These plants exhibit clear visual differences in their leaves and growth patterns. Monstera deliciosa has large, glossy, heart-shaped leaves that can reach impressive sizes, often 25 to 90 centimeters long and 25 to 75 centimeters wide. Its leaves develop deep splits and oblong perforations as they mature. This plant grows as a large, climbing vine, reaching up to 20 meters in its natural habitat and typically 2 to 3 meters indoors.
In contrast, Monstera adansonii features smaller, heart-shaped leaves that are medium to dark green with a somewhat thick, waxy texture. Its distinct oval-shaped perforations across the leaf surface give it the “Swiss cheese” resemblance. This species generally remains more compact than M. deliciosa, growing as a vining plant that can reach 90 to 240 centimeters indoors.
Rhaphidophora tetrasperma has smaller, ovate or lanceolate leaves with deep, prominent splits, giving it a similar aesthetic to larger Monstera species but on a miniature scale. Unlike Monstera deliciosa, R. tetrasperma develops its fenestrations at an earlier age. This compact vining plant typically grows up to 1 meter indoors, making it suitable for smaller spaces.
Comparative Care Requirements
All three plants thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can cause leaf scorch, while insufficient light may result in slower growth and a lack of fenestrations. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma can tolerate slightly brighter light than Monstera species.
Regarding watering, these plants prefer their soil to dry out partially between waterings to prevent root rot. Water when the top few centimeters of soil feel dry to the touch. Monstera adansonii might require slightly more frequent watering because of its typically smaller pot size and faster drying soil.
These tropical plants generally prefer higher humidity levels, ideally between 50% and 80%, which can be maintained through misting, pebble trays, or humidifiers. While Rhaphidophora tetrasperma can tolerate average household humidity, it benefits from increased moisture. A well-draining, airy potting mix, often peat-based with perlite or orchid bark, is suitable for all three.
As climbing vines, all three plants benefit from vertical support such as moss poles or trellises, which encourages larger leaf development and an upright growth habit. Their aerial roots naturally seek to attach to these supports. Monstera deliciosa becomes a substantial plant requiring considerable space, while Monstera adansonii and Rhaphidophora tetrasperma remain more manageable indoors.
Choosing the Right Plant for Your Space
Selecting the appropriate plant depends on available space, desired aesthetic, and willingness to provide specific care. For those with ample room and a preference for a dramatic, large-leaved tropical statement, Monstera deliciosa is an excellent choice. Its impressive size and iconic splits create a bold visual impact.
If you appreciate the characteristic “Swiss cheese” look but have more moderate space, Monstera adansonii offers a beautiful vining alternative. It can be grown in hanging baskets or trained to climb, adapting well to various indoor settings. For individuals seeking the fenestrated leaf aesthetic in a more compact form, Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is ideal. This “Mini Monstera” grows vigorously and fits well on shelves or tabletops, providing intricate foliage without demanding extensive space.