A stye, medically known as a hordeolum, is a common eye condition that can cause discomfort. While usually harmless, its appearance can be unsettling during pregnancy. Understanding its causes and safe management strategies is important for maternal and fetal well-being.
What is a Stye?
A stye is a red, painful lump on the eyelid, often resembling a small boil. It occurs when an eyelid oil gland becomes blocked and infected, usually by Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include localized swelling, tenderness, pain, redness, and sometimes a feeling of something in the eye or increased tearing.
Why Styes May Appear During Pregnancy
Pregnancy-related physiological changes can increase stye susceptibility. Hormonal fluctuations, specifically elevated levels of androgens and progesterone, stimulate the sebaceous glands in the eyelids, leading to increased oil production. This heightened oiliness can contribute to clogged glands, promoting bacterial growth and infection.
Additionally, the immune system undergoes adjustments during pregnancy, becoming somewhat suppressed to accommodate the developing fetus. This mild immunosuppression can make pregnant individuals more vulnerable to various infections, including those affecting the eyes. Fluid retention, a common occurrence in pregnancy, can also contribute to eyelid swelling, potentially leading to the blockage of oil glands. Changes in daily routines, such as fatigue or morning sickness, might also impact personal hygiene habits, increasing the risk of bacterial introduction to the eye area.
Safe Treatment Approaches During Pregnancy
Managing a stye during pregnancy involves non-pharmacological approaches and diligent hygiene. Warm compresses are an effective home remedy. Soak a clean washcloth in warm (not hot) water, wring out the excess, and hold it over the closed eyelid for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat this three to five times daily to reduce swelling and encourage drainage.
Strict hand and eye hygiene is crucial. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before touching eyes or applying any remedies. Avoid rubbing or squeezing the stye, as this can worsen infection or spread bacteria. Temporarily stop wearing eye makeup and contact lenses to prevent irritation and contamination.
Many styes resolve with home care. However, avoid self-medicating with over-the-counter creams, ointments, or eye drops without consulting a healthcare provider. Some over-the-counter products may contain ingredients unsafe for use during pregnancy due to potential systemic absorption affecting the fetus. A healthcare professional can assess the stye and determine if prescription medication is necessary.
If the stye requires medical intervention, a doctor can prescribe topical antibiotic options that are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. Medications like erythromycin or tobramycin eye drops are often preferred due to their limited systemic absorption. Always follow the doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure both maternal and fetal safety.
When to Seek Medical Care and Prevention
Seek medical care if a stye worsens or doesn’t resolve with home remedies. Consult a healthcare provider if redness or swelling spreads beyond the eyelid, pain becomes severe, or a fever develops. Vision changes, like blurriness, also require immediate attention. If the stye doesn’t improve after two to four days of consistent home care, or if pus or blood leaks, seek professional evaluation.
Recurring styes or eyelid blisters also warrant medical consultation to rule out other conditions. Preventing styes during pregnancy involves rigorous eye hygiene practices. Wash hands frequently, especially before touching eyes, and avoid rubbing them.
Practice proper eye makeup hygiene: always remove makeup thoroughly before bed and avoid using old or contaminated products. If wearing contact lenses, adhere strictly to cleaning and storage guidelines, and consider switching to glasses temporarily if discomfort occurs. Overall health practices, such as managing stress and ensuring adequate rest, support the immune system and can reduce infection susceptibility.