Eye infections can cause discomfort, redness, and itching, affecting various parts of the eye such as the eyelid, conjunctiva, or cornea. Bacteria are common culprits, and Streptococcus bacteria are known to cause these infections. Understanding this condition, including its causes, symptoms, and management, is important for maintaining eye health.
What Causes Strep Eye Infections
Streptococcus bacteria are responsible for strep eye infections, which can manifest in different ways, including bacterial conjunctivitis. These bacteria can enter the eye through direct contact, such as when contaminated hands touch the eyes. The bacteria can also spread from other parts of the body, for instance, from the respiratory system or skin. Close contact with an infected person can also facilitate the spread of these bacteria.
While Streptococcus bacteria are naturally present on the eye’s surface, a healthy tear film usually maintains a balance through its antimicrobial properties. However, exposure to external sources of bacteria or a weakened immune system can disrupt this balance, allowing the bacteria to proliferate and lead to an infection.
Recognizing the Symptoms
A strep eye infection can present with various noticeable signs. Common symptoms include redness of the eye and swelling, which may affect the eyelid or the conjunctiva. Discharge from the eye is also frequently observed; this can be watery, pus-like, or sticky, and may vary in color from white to yellow or green. Individuals might also experience a gritty feeling, itching, or burning sensations in their eyes. Other indicators can include eye pain, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and occasionally blurred vision.
Treatment and Management
When a strep eye infection is suspected, consulting a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment is important. For bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Streptococcus, antibiotic eye drops or ointments are typically prescribed. It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms begin to improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and prevent recurrence.
Supportive measures can help manage discomfort. Applying warm compresses to the affected eye can provide comfort and help reduce inflammation. Gently cleaning any discharge from the eye can also be beneficial. In some mild cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, symptoms might resolve within about a week without antibiotics, but medical advice should still be sought.
Preventing Spread and Complications
Preventing the spread of a strep eye infection and avoiding complications involves several steps. Frequent handwashing is a primary method to prevent infections, including those caused by Streptococcus. Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes, as this can transfer bacteria. Do not share personal items like towels or eye makeup, as they can spread bacteria.
For contact lens wearers, proper hygiene, including cleaning lenses as directed and handling them with clean hands, is important. If an infection occurs, wear glasses instead of contact lenses and discard any contacts and cases used immediately before symptoms appeared.
If left untreated, a strep eye infection can lead to complications. These can include cellulitis, an infection spreading to the surrounding tissues, or corneal ulcers. Untreated infections can also lead to vision impairment. Seek immediate medical attention for sudden vision changes, severe pain, or spreading redness.