Split tongue surgery is a form of body modification that involves bifurcating the tongue, creating a distinct forked appearance. This procedure transforms the tongue into two separate, independently moving segments.
What is Split Tongue Surgery?
The procedure divides the tongue from its tip backward, typically for about 3 to 5 centimeters, though the exact length depends on individual anatomy and preference. This modification is sought for various reasons, including self-expression, aesthetic appeal, or its connection to specific subcultures. Some individuals also report an interest in perceived increased sensation or novelty following the procedure. The ability to move each half of the tongue independently after healing is another aspect that appeals to those interested in this body modification.
The Surgical Process
Split tongue surgery can be performed using different methods, with scalpel cutting and cauterization being common approaches. Before the procedure, a local anesthetic, similar to those used by dentists, or general anesthesia may be administered to ensure the patient’s comfort. Local anesthesia often involves injecting lidocaine to numb the lingual nerve, which provides sensation to the tongue. A vasoconstrictor may also be included to minimize bleeding.
With the scalpel method, a heated scalpel may be used to help seal the wound and reduce blood loss as the tongue is cut down the middle. After the incision, the exposed tissue on each side of the split is typically sutured to prevent the two halves from rejoining during healing. For cauterization, a heated tool or laser, such as an argon laser, burns through the tongue tissue, simultaneously sealing blood vessels to control bleeding. Any areas not fully sealed by heat are then stitched.
In some cases, a pre-existing tongue piercing may be used as a starting point for the split. Immediately following the procedure, some swelling and bleeding are common. The extent of the split is carefully determined to avoid structures like the submandibular ducts under the tongue, which could lead to complications.
Potential Complications and Healing
Split tongue surgery carries several health risks, including the potential for infection, excessive bleeding, and nerve damage. Due to the tongue’s rich blood supply and constant exposure to oral bacteria, infections are a significant concern, especially if the procedure is not performed in a sterile environment or aftercare is neglected. Damage to nerves or muscles can result in permanent loss of sensation, altered taste, or impaired tongue movement. Some individuals may experience ongoing pain or the development of thick, bumpy scar tissue.
The initial healing phase involves intense pain and significant swelling for the first 1 to 3 days, making speaking and swallowing difficult. Pain can be severe and may require prescription pain medication. A liquid or soft diet is usually necessary for the first few days, with a gradual transition to solid foods over about two weeks. The overall healing timeline generally ranges from 2 to 4 weeks, provided aftercare instructions are followed closely.
Proper aftercare is crucial for a smooth recovery and to prevent complications. This includes maintaining strict oral hygiene by rinsing the mouth regularly with saline or diluted medicated mouthwash. Avoiding irritants like spicy or acidic foods during healing is also recommended. Patients are advised to sleep with their head elevated to reduce swelling and to avoid strenuous physical activity for several weeks. While the outer wounds heal and the two halves of the tongue form rounded edges, the tissue does not naturally fuse back together. Some people may experience long-term side effects such as increased saliva production, changes in breathing, or speech impediments like a lisp, though speech usually returns to normal within two weeks.
Considerations Before Getting a Split Tongue
Individuals contemplating split tongue surgery should understand its long-term implications, particularly its permanence. While reversal procedures exist, they are often more complex, expensive, and potentially more painful than the initial splitting. The success of reversal can vary, and it is not always guaranteed to restore the tongue to its original appearance or function.
This procedure often lacks standardized medical oversight, as it is frequently performed by body modification artists rather than licensed medical professionals. In some regions, like England and Wales, tongue splitting by body modification practitioners is considered illegal due to the associated risks. Reputable medical organizations, such as the American Dental Association, advise against the procedure due to the high risk of complications. Thorough research into the practitioner’s experience, sterilization practices, and understanding the full commitment involved is advised before undergoing this irreversible modification.