A spleen ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the spleen. This imaging technique allows medical professionals to visualize and evaluate the spleen’s condition. It serves as a tool for understanding the organ’s structure, size, and any potential abnormalities.
The Spleen and How Ultrasound Works
The spleen is an organ located in the upper left abdomen, under the rib cage. It is part of the lymphatic system, which contributes to the body’s immune system. The spleen performs several functions, including filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and storing blood components like platelets and white blood cells that help fight infection.
Ultrasound technology creates images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves. A small handheld device, called a transducer, is placed on the skin, emitting sound waves that travel into the body. These sound waves bounce off internal structures and return to the transducer as echoes, which are then converted into real-time images displayed on a monitor. This method is safe because it does not use ionizing radiation.
When a Spleen Ultrasound is Needed
A spleen ultrasound is recommended for various medical reasons. It commonly evaluates spleen size, especially if an enlarged spleen, known as splenomegaly, is suspected. This enlargement can indicate underlying conditions like liver diseases, infections, or certain blood disorders. The ultrasound can also investigate pain or tenderness in the left upper abdomen.
The procedure also detects focal lesions within the spleen, such as cysts, tumors, or abscesses. Following abdominal trauma, it assesses for injury, including rupture or internal bleeding. It monitors known conditions affecting the spleen, like cirrhosis or specific blood disorders, ensuring any changes in the spleen’s size or structure are identified early.
What to Expect During a Spleen Ultrasound
Preparation for a spleen ultrasound often involves fasting for a few hours before the exam to ensure clearer images. Patients are asked to wear loose-fitting clothing. During the procedure, you will lie on an examination table. A clear, water-based gel will be applied to your upper left abdomen to facilitate sound wave transmission and allow the transducer to glide smoothly over the skin.
The sonographer moves the transducer across your abdomen, applying gentle pressure, to capture images of the spleen from different angles. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly or change positions, such as rolling onto your right side, to improve visualization. The procedure is painless and takes about 10 to 30 minutes. After imaging, the gel is wiped off, and you can resume normal daily activities immediately.
Understanding Spleen Ultrasound Results
A normal spleen ultrasound shows an organ with a regular shape, size, and uniform internal texture. In adults, a healthy spleen measures up to 12-13 centimeters in length, 5 to 6 centimeters in width, and 3 to 4 centimeters in thickness. The texture appears homogeneous, similar to or slightly darker than the liver on ultrasound images.
Abnormal findings include an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), changes in its shape or texture, fluid collections, masses like cysts or tumors, or signs of injury such as hematomas. These findings require further evaluation by a healthcare professional, as they can indicate various conditions from infections to blood disorders or trauma. A radiologist reviews the images, and their report is discussed with your referring doctor, who explains the implications and determines any necessary follow-up.