When an illness strikes, many people focus on disinfecting surfaces and washing hands, but a common question remains about oral hygiene: should the toothbrush used during sickness be replaced? This concern is understandable, as the toothbrush is consistently exposed to saliva and respiratory droplets while a person is unwell. The answer often depends on the type of illness and the desire for peace of mind. Understanding how germs behave on the bristles can help inform the decision.
Is Replacing Your Toothbrush After Illness Necessary?
For most common viral infections, such as a cold, the flu, or COVID-19, replacing your toothbrush is generally considered an optional, precautionary measure rather than a medical necessity. Once your immune system has successfully fought off a virus, it creates antibodies that prevent immediate reinfection with the exact same strain from a contaminated item. The risk of making yourself sick again from your own toothbrush after recovery is very low for most healthy individuals.
However, public health advice often leans toward replacement for the sake of caution and hygiene. The one major exception where replacement is strongly recommended is after a bacterial infection, like Strep throat, or if you have a compromised immune system. It is advised to replace the brush after finishing antibiotics to eliminate any theoretical risk of reintroducing the pathogen. This simple act removes any lingering concern about a bacterial reservoir.
How Viruses and Bacteria Survive on Toothbrushes
Toothbrush bristles and handles can certainly harbor microorganisms, including the viruses and bacteria that caused the illness. The moist environment of a bathroom, combined with the microscopic debris left after brushing, creates a surface where pathogens can survive for varying lengths of time. For instance, cold and influenza viruses can remain viable on surfaces like toothbrush bristles for up to 72 hours.
Bacteria, such as Streptococcus, can also linger on the nylon bristles. The greatest risk is not typically reinfection of the person who was sick, but rather the potential for cross-contamination. If a sick person’s toothbrush touches another person’s toothbrush in a shared holder, germs can easily be transferred.
Proper Toothbrush Sanitation and Storage
Beyond replacing a toothbrush after being sick, practicing good hygiene and storage methods can significantly reduce germ accumulation daily. After each use, thoroughly rinsing the toothbrush under tap water is important to remove any remaining toothpaste and food particles from the bristles. Allowing the brush to air-dry completely is also necessary, as moist environments promote the growth of microorganisms.
The American Dental Association recommends storing the toothbrush upright in an open holder to facilitate air circulation. Covering a moist brush with a cap or storing it in a closed container can trap moisture and create a more favorable environment for microbial growth. To mitigate contamination risk, keep the toothbrush away from the toilet, as flushing can aerosolize water droplets that may travel and settle on nearby surfaces.
For those who want to sanitize their brush, soaking the head in an antibacterial mouthwash for about 20 minutes can reduce the amount of bacteria present. Some people also use UV light sanitizers, which are designed to eliminate germs on the bristles. These simple cleaning and storage practices are generally more effective than frequent replacement for maintaining a hygienic toothbrush.