An accidental amputation, such as a severed finger, requires immediate and proper first aid for successful reattachment. Swift, informed action significantly impacts the outcome, as the viability of the severed part depends heavily on its handling. This guide outlines essential procedures for both the injured individual and the amputated digit, from initial care to medical transport.
Initial Actions for the Injured Person
The first priority following a traumatic amputation is to address the injured individual. Immediately apply direct, firm pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or sterile dressing to control bleeding. Elevating the injured hand above the level of the heart can help reduce blood flow to the area. While managing the wound, try to keep the person calm and reassured, as such an injury can be extremely distressing.
Continuously monitor the injured person for signs of shock, such as pale skin, rapid breathing, dizziness, or a fast heart rate. If shock is suspected, lay the person flat, elevate their feet slightly, and cover them with a blanket to maintain warmth. Controlling bleeding and stabilizing the patient are paramount before focusing on the severed part.
Preparing the Severed Part
Once the injured person is stable, turn attention to the severed finger, as its proper preservation is essential for reattachment. If visibly dirty, gently rinse it with clean water or a sterile saline solution, but avoid scrubbing or harsh chemicals.
Next, wrap the severed digit in a clean, slightly damp material, such as gauze or a non-fluffy cloth. This wrapped part should then be placed into a sealed, watertight plastic bag or container. This ensures the tissue remains moist and protected from direct contact with water or ice.
Place this sealed bag into another container or bag filled with ice water. It is crucial that the severed part does not come into direct contact with ice or dry ice, as this can cause frostbite and further tissue damage, potentially making reattachment impossible. The goal is to keep the tissue cool, not frozen, which slows down metabolic processes and preserves cellular viability.
Getting to the Hospital
Time is a critical factor for successful reattachment surgery. Contact emergency services immediately to arrange transport to a medical facility specializing in hand surgery or a trauma center. The optimal window for reattachment can be limited, with chances decreasing significantly after 6 hours without proper cooling.
Ensure both the injured person and the properly prepared severed finger are transported together. If finding the severed part causes significant delay, prioritize getting the patient to medical care promptly.