Tongue cleaning is an established practice in a complete oral hygiene routine, yet the proper order of steps often causes confusion. Many people wonder whether removing the buildup from the tongue should happen before or after brushing the teeth. Understanding the composition of the tongue’s surface and the mechanisms of bacterial removal provides a clear answer to this sequencing question. This article explores the scientific reasons behind tongue cleaning, the optimal time to perform this step, and the most effective tools and techniques.
The Primary Purpose of Tongue Cleaning
The tongue’s surface is not smooth; it is covered in thousands of tiny projections called papillae, which create a plush, porous, carpet-like texture. This unique structure provides an ideal environment for trapping food particles, dead cells, and a significant percentage of the mouth’s bacteria population. These microorganisms thrive in the oxygen-poor environment deep within the tongue’s crevices.
When these anaerobic bacteria break down protein and debris, they release gaseous byproducts known as volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). These VSCs, which include hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, are the primary cause of halitosis, or bad breath. Studies have found that the bacteria residing on the back of the tongue are a major contributor to oral malodor.
Removing this coating reduces the source of bad breath and offers other benefits. A cleaner tongue can improve taste perception by removing the film that coats the taste buds. Keeping the bacterial population in check helps prevent microbes from migrating to other parts of the mouth, which could contribute to plaque formation and dental issues.
Optimal Sequence: Before, After, or Separate Step?
The most effective sequence for a full oral hygiene routine involves cleaning the tongue before brushing the teeth. The rationale is simple: cleaning the tongue first removes the bulk of the bacteria and debris accumulated overnight or throughout the day. By clearing this coating, you prevent the re-deposition of microbes onto the freshly cleaned teeth and gums later in the routine.
This “clean-first” approach maximizes the benefit of subsequent steps, particularly the application of fluoride toothpaste. Removing the bacterial film allows the active ingredients in the toothpaste to better access the entire oral environment. This promotes a more thorough and comprehensive disinfection of the teeth, gums, and the newly exposed surface of the tongue.
While some suggest cleaning the tongue after brushing, the recommended approach is to remove the highest concentration of odor-causing bacteria first. Scraping the tongue ensures that the bulk of the accumulation is physically cleared from the mouth before the protective elements of brushing are introduced. This sequence allows your toothbrush and toothpaste to work more powerfully on the teeth and gums.
Technique and Tools for Effective Tongue Cleaning
For effective tongue cleaning, a dedicated tongue scraper is generally more efficient than a standard toothbrush. A toothbrush is designed with bristles to navigate the smooth, hard surfaces of teeth, but its design only displaces the thick, plush coating on the tongue. In contrast, a tongue scraper, which is often a U-shaped piece of plastic or metal, is specifically engineered to physically lift and remove the debris. Research indicates that tongue scrapers can be more effective at reducing volatile sulfur compounds than brushing alone.
Scraper Technique
To use a scraper, place it gently as far back on the tongue as possible without triggering the gag reflex. Apply light but firm pressure and pull the scraper forward toward the tip of the tongue in a single, smooth stroke. It is important to rinse the scraper under water after each pass to wash away the removed bacteria and debris.
Repeat this motion a few times, covering the entire surface, until no more residue is visible on the tool. Gentle pressure is sufficient; avoid aggressive scraping, which can irritate the delicate tissue of the tongue. The process should be incorporated daily, ideally as the first step in your morning oral hygiene routine.
Further Rationale on Sequence
…or Separate Step? The most effective sequence for a full oral hygiene routine involves cleaning the tongue before brushing the teeth. The rationale is simple: cleaning the tongue first removes the bulk of the bacteria and debris that have accumulated overnight or throughout the day. By clearing this coating, you prevent the re-deposition of microbes onto the freshly cleaned teeth and gums later in the routine.
This “clean-first” approach maximizes the benefit of the subsequent steps, particularly the application of fluoride toothpaste. Removing the bacterial film allows the active ingredients in the toothpaste to better access the entire oral environment. This includes the teeth, gums, and the newly exposed surface of the tongue, promoting a more thorough and comprehensive disinfection.
While some suggest cleaning the tongue after brushing to remove debris loosened by the brush, the recommended approach is to remove the highest concentration of odor-causing bacteria before the protective elements of brushing. Scraping or brushing the tongue first ensures that the bulk of the accumulation is physically cleared from the mouth. This sequence allows your toothbrush and toothpaste to work more powerfully on the teeth and gums.