The epiglottis, a small, leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage, is in the human throat. Its function is to prevent food and liquids from entering the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing. This ensures food and drink go down the esophagus towards the stomach, not into the lungs. Under normal circumstances, you cannot see your epiglottis without specialized medical instruments.
Why the Epiglottis is Usually Hidden
The epiglottis is positioned deep within the throat, behind the tongue and above the larynx (voice box). Its location and function during swallowing keep it out of casual sight. When you breathe, the epiglottis remains upright, allowing air to pass freely into the larynx and lungs.
During swallowing, a reflex causes the epiglottis to fold backward. This movement covers the entrance to the larynx, diverting food and liquids away from the windpipe and into the esophagus. This action, facilitated by the movement of the larynx and hyoid bone, is why the epiglottis is concealed from view during self-examination. Its resting position and rapid movement during swallowing prevent its visibility.
Circumstances When the Epiglottis Can Be Seen
While not normally visible, the epiglottis can become apparent in specific situations, including medical procedures or certain health conditions. Medical professionals can directly visualize the epiglottis using a procedure called a laryngoscopy. This involves inserting an instrument with a light and camera into the throat for a clear view of the larynx and surrounding structures. It is often performed for intubation or to examine vocal cords.
The epiglottis can also become visible if it is inflamed and swollen, a condition known as epiglottitis. This condition, often caused by bacterial infections like Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) or other bacteria and viruses, can lead to swelling that may cause the epiglottis to protrude. Symptoms of epiglottitis, such as severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and breathing problems, arise because the swollen epiglottis can obstruct the airway.
In rare cases, a high-rising or prominent epiglottis can be visible, particularly in children, but this anatomical variation does not cause symptoms.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you believe you have seen your epiglottis, or are experiencing throat discomfort, seek medical advice. Self-diagnosis based on trying to visualize internal structures is unreliable. A medical professional is best equipped to diagnose any underlying issues.
Symptoms that warrant prompt medical attention include a severe sore throat, pain or difficulty swallowing, excessive drooling, or a muffled voice. Breathing difficulties, such as noisy breathing or a high-pitched whistling sound (stridor), are concerning and require immediate emergency care. Other signs like a high fever, extreme tiredness, or persistent throat pain that does not improve after a few days also indicate a need for medical evaluation.