A cold sore, sometimes called a fever blister or herpes labialis, is a common cluster of small, fluid-filled blisters that typically form on or around the lips. These blisters are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most often HSV-1. Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life, often lying dormant in nerve cells and reactivating periodically to cause an outbreak. Many people wonder whether to let a cold sore dry out or keep it moist during an outbreak.
Understanding Cold Sore Healing
The natural healing process for skin wounds, including cold sores, generally benefits from a moist environment. Maintaining moisture promotes cell regeneration and facilitates the migration of new skin cells, contributing to faster healing. This also helps form a flexible scab that is less likely to crack, reducing tearing or bleeding that can disrupt the healing process.
The Risks of Drying Out
Intentionally drying out a cold sore can lead to several negative consequences. Excessive drying makes the sore stiff and prone to painful cracking and bleeding, which delays healing and increases the risk of secondary bacterial infections. A dry, cracked sore can also lead to more noticeable scarring. Therefore, drying out a cold sore is not recommended as it prolongs discomfort and healing time.
Recommended Care and Treatment
Effective cold sore management encourages a moist healing environment and reduces symptoms. Keeping the sore moist with products like petroleum jelly or specialized cold sore balms can prevent cracking and discomfort. Over-the-counter antiviral creams, such as those containing docosanol or penciclovir, can help shorten the healing time when applied at the first sign of a cold sore. Pain relief options, like over-the-counter pain medicines, can also help manage discomfort.
Maintaining good hygiene is important to prevent the spread of the virus. Regularly washing hands, especially after touching the cold sore, helps reduce transmission. Avoiding sharing personal items like eating utensils, drinking glasses, towels, or lip balms can also limit the spread of the virus. Protecting lips from sun exposure with SPF lip balm can help prevent future outbreaks.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While cold sores typically clear up on their own within 7 to 10 days, there are instances when medical attention is advisable. You should consult a healthcare provider if a cold sore is unusually large or painful, or if it does not begin to heal within 10 days. Medical advice is also recommended if the cold sore spreads to other areas, particularly the eyes, as this can lead to serious complications. Individuals with a weakened immune system, due to conditions like HIV or treatments such as chemotherapy, should also seek medical attention for cold sores, as they may experience severe symptoms or complications.