Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is the inflammation of the transparent membrane covering the white of the eye and the inner eyelid. Although common and usually mild, it causes the signature reddish or pink discoloration of the eye. The discomfort and contagiousness often lead people to question the appropriate level of care, whether self-treatment, urgent care, or the emergency room. Understanding the underlying cause determines the best course of action.
Determining the Cause and Severity
Conjunctivitis is categorized into three types, and specific symptoms indicate the likely cause. Viral conjunctivitis is the most common form, often associated with a recent cold or upper respiratory infection. This type presents with a clear, watery discharge, is highly contagious, and usually resolves on its own within one to two weeks.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by a thick, sticky, pus-like discharge that can be yellow, white, or green. This discharge frequently causes the eyelids to be matted or “glued shut” upon waking. While viral cases usually affect both eyes eventually, bacterial infections often start in one eye.
The third type, allergic conjunctivitis, is not contagious and usually affects both eyes simultaneously. Symptoms include intense itching and tearing, often accompanied by nasal congestion or other typical allergy symptoms.
When Urgent Care is the Right Choice
Urgent care is the appropriate destination when symptoms suggest a bacterial infection or when mild symptoms are persistent. If you wake up with thick, colored discharge that glues your eyes shut, urgent care is warranted. Bacterial conjunctivitis requires prescription antibiotic eye drops or ointment, which the staff can provide to shorten the illness and reduce complications.
Urgent care is also suitable if you have attempted home care for 24 to 48 hours but symptoms are worsening or showing no improvement. Individuals who wear contact lenses should seek prompt medical evaluation immediately upon noticing any pink eye symptoms. Contact lens users have a heightened risk of developing a more serious corneal infection, and lenses must be removed until the condition fully resolves.
Severe Symptoms Requiring Emergency Attention
Certain symptoms indicate a more serious underlying condition that necessitates an immediate visit to the emergency room. Severe eye pain that goes beyond typical irritation or scratchiness is a significant warning sign. Any sudden changes in vision, such as blurring or vision loss, also require emergency evaluation. These symptoms can signal conditions like corneal inflammation or increased intraocular pressure, which can threaten vision if not addressed immediately.
Extreme sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, is another serious symptom. If pink eye is accompanied by a severe headache, fever, or if you suspect chemical exposure or a foreign object caused the irritation, head directly to the emergency department. Newborns exhibiting any signs of conjunctivitis also require immediate medical attention due to the potential for serious infections.
Home Treatment and Other Medical Options
For mild cases that appear to be viral or allergic, initial treatment can begin at home. Applying a cool compress helps reduce swelling and irritation, especially in allergic cases. If the eyes are crusty, use a clean, moist cloth soaked in warm water to gently wipe away discharge from the lashes and eyelids.
Using over-the-counter lubricating eye drops helps relieve the gritty feeling and dryness. Maintaining strict hygiene, including frequent handwashing and changing pillowcases and towels daily, is necessary to prevent spreading the infection. If symptoms are mild and you have timely access to your Primary Care Physician, this is a suitable alternative to urgent care for diagnosis.