An eye infection occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, invade and multiply in or around the eye structure. Infections can affect different parts of the eye, ranging from mild irritations to severe, sight-threatening diseases. Knowing the right level of care to seek is important because prompt treatment is often what preserves long-term vision.
Identifying Common Eye Infection Symptoms
Common signs of an outer eye infection include a bloodshot appearance, caused by the inflammation of blood vessels in the conjunctiva. A gritty sensation, or the feeling that something is constantly present in the eye, is a frequent symptom of irritation. Discharge can vary; a thick, pus-like, yellow or green secretion often indicates a bacterial infection, while a clear, watery discharge typically points to a viral cause. Mild itching, a burning sensation, or discomfort when looking at bright lights may also be present.
When Urgent Care is the Right Choice
Urgent care facilities are appropriate for acute eye infections that are not immediately sight-threatening. This setting is well-suited for treating common cases such as bacterial or viral conjunctivitis, often called pink eye. Urgent care providers can perform a basic eye examination and diagnose mild inflammation or a stye. They can prescribe common topical antimicrobial medications, such as antibiotic eye drops or ointments, for bacterial infections. However, urgent care clinics generally do not have the specialized diagnostic equipment or on-site ophthalmologists available to manage complex ocular issues.
Signs that Require an Emergency Room Visit
Symptoms that suggest a deeper, potentially sight-threatening issue require immediate attention at an Emergency Room (ER). Sudden and severe vision loss or a rapid, intense change in visual acuity are medical emergencies. Intense, sharp, or persistent pain that does not respond to over-the-counter medication can signal serious conditions like keratitis, an infection of the cornea. Severe light sensitivity (photophobia), especially when combined with pain or blurred vision, can also indicate a corneal problem. Any symptoms following direct trauma, such as a chemical splash, a penetrating injury, or an embedded foreign object, require emergency care. Swelling so pronounced that the eye cannot be opened, or pain upon moving the eye, may indicate a deeper orbital infection, like orbital cellulitis. Furthermore, eye symptoms accompanied by systemic signs such as a high fever, severe headache, or nausea suggest the infection may be spreading beyond the eye itself. For these severe, complex issues, the ER provides access to immediate imaging, IV antibiotics, and specialist consultation that urgent care cannot offer.
Home Care and Follow-up with Primary Care
For very mild symptoms, initial home care can provide symptomatic relief. Applying a clean, warm compress to the eye several times a day can help soothe irritation and loosen any dried discharge. Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops, often called artificial tears, can help wash away irritants and reduce the feeling of grittiness. Stop wearing contact lenses immediately and avoid eye makeup until the infection has fully resolved.
Primary care physicians (PCPs) should be used for follow-up care after an urgent care visit, or for non-acute, lingering issues that are not worsening. If symptoms persist beyond a week, or if a prescribed course of medication is finished without improvement, the PCP can re-evaluate the diagnosis.