Medication abortion, often called the “abortion pill,” is a two-step procedure using two different medications taken a day or two apart. Following specific instructions about food and fluid intake is important for patient comfort and ensuring the treatment works effectively. While this article offers general guidance, always follow the individual instructions provided by your healthcare provider, as protocols can vary.
Eating Guidance for the First Medication (Mifepristone)
The first step involves swallowing mifepristone, which blocks the hormone progesterone. You do not need to fast before taking this pill, and it is safe to take it with or without food. Taking the medication with a light meal is often recommended to help prevent potential side effects like mild nausea or lightheadedness.
The focus during this phase is ensuring the medication is properly absorbed. Taking the pill on a completely empty stomach is not ideal, as it may increase the likelihood of feeling unwell. Avoid heavy, high-fat, or spicy meals beforehand because they can be harder to digest and might aggravate existing nausea.
If you vomit shortly after taking the mifepristone tablet, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Mifepristone is typically absorbed within 30 to 90 minutes of swallowing it. Vomiting within this window may mean the medication was not fully absorbed, and your provider will advise if you need another dose.
Food and Fluid Intake During the Second Medication (Misoprostol)
Misoprostol, the second medication, is taken 24 to 48 hours after mifepristone and initiates the uterine contractions necessary to complete the process. This phase has a higher likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Food and fluid intake should focus on maintaining hydration and minimizing stomach upset.
It is beneficial to eat a light, easily digestible meal before taking the misoprostol tablets. Having energy reserves and a settled stomach can help manage the intense cramping and discomfort that often follows. Avoid rich, greasy, or spicy foods during the four to six hours following misoprostol administration, as these can exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects.
Maintaining hydration is important during the active phase of treatment, especially if vomiting or diarrhea occurs. Sip clear liquids regularly, such as water, broth, or electrolyte-rich drinks, to replace lost fluids and salts. Bland foods like toast, crackers, applesauce, rice, or bananas are the best choices if you feel hungry, as they are less likely to irritate your stomach.
Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Treatment
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of misoprostol, related both to the medication and hormonal changes. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies can help manage this discomfort. Simple techniques like taking slow, deep breaths or applying a cool compress to your forehead or neck often provide relief.
Pharmacological Management
Many healthcare providers recommend taking an anti-nausea medication, or antiemetic, shortly before administering misoprostol. Taking the pill 30 to 60 minutes in advance allows the medication to take effect before side effects begin. Common anti-nausea medications, such as ondansetron, are frequently prescribed to manage these symptoms.
Non-Prescription Remedies
If you do not have a prescription anti-nausea medication, non-prescription remedies may help settle your stomach. These include ginger chews, ginger ale, or peppermint tea. When eating, stick to the BRAT diet components—bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast—which are gentle on the digestive system. Contact your healthcare provider if vomiting is continuous or severe, or if you cannot keep down liquids for more than a few hours.