Receiving a test result indicating “HPV mRNA E6/E7” can cause concern. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread virus, and while many infections are harmless and clear naturally, these specific markers point to a more active and potentially concerning viral process. This finding suggests high-risk HPV types, warranting closer attention for managing your health.
Understanding HPV E6/E7 Markers
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) includes many different types. Some are “high-risk” due to their potential to cause cellular changes leading to cancer, while “low-risk” types typically cause warts. The HPV mRNA E6/E7 test specifically identifies messenger RNA (mRNA) produced by high-risk HPV types. This mRNA instructs the virus to create two proteins, E6 and E7.
The presence of E6 and E7 mRNA indicates active high-risk HPV infection, where viral genetic material has integrated into host cells. This integration is a crucial step toward precancerous changes. Unlike tests that only detect HPV DNA, which can indicate a past or transient infection, the E6/E7 mRNA test signifies ongoing viral activity influencing cellular processes. Detecting these markers helps identify individuals at heightened risk for abnormal cell changes.
Health Implications of Persistent E6/E7 Activity
The E6 and E7 oncoproteins, produced from the detected mRNA, interfere with cellular regulatory mechanisms. E6 targets the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to its degradation, while E7 inactivates another tumor suppressor, pRB. These proteins guard against uncontrolled cell growth and division. Their inactivation by E6 and E7 allows infected cells to bypass cell cycle checkpoints, promoting unchecked proliferation.
This cellular disruption can lead to precancerous lesions, such as cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN). While E6/E7 mRNA does not mean cancer is present, it signifies an increased risk for these lesions to progress if unmanaged. Most cervical cancers link to persistent high-risk HPV infections, particularly types 16 and 18. Persistent E6/E7 activity can also contribute to other HPV-related cancers, including those of the anus, vulva, vagina, penis, and oropharynx.
Next Steps After a Positive Test
A positive HPV mRNA E6/E7 test result warrants prompt medical follow-up. Your healthcare provider will use this information, often alongside Pap test results, to determine the next steps. A common procedure is a colposcopy, where a specialized magnifying instrument examines the cervix for abnormal areas. During a colposcopy, a vinegar solution may be applied to make abnormal cells more visible.
If suspicious areas are identified, a biopsy will likely be performed to collect tissue samples for microscopic examination. This determines the precise nature and severity of any cellular changes. If precancerous lesions are confirmed, various treatment options remove the affected tissue and prevent cancer development. These procedures include Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), which uses a heated wire loop to remove abnormal cells; cryotherapy, which freezes and destroys affected tissue; and conization, which involves surgically removing a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
Long-Term Management and Prevention
Following a positive HPV mRNA E6/E7 test and treatment, consistent long-term management is important. Regular screening and follow-up appointments monitor for any recurrence of abnormal cells or persistent HPV infection. This often includes repeat Pap and HPV tests at recommended intervals, sometimes for many years. The goal is to detect new changes early, allowing for timely intervention and preventing further progression.
For individuals not exposed to HPV or specific high-risk types, the HPV vaccine offers primary prevention. The vaccine protects against cancer-associated HPV types, significantly reducing the risk of future infections and precancerous lesions. Open communication with your healthcare provider about your history and concerns is also valuable for managing HPV and reducing long-term health risks.