Bumps on the head are common and can cause concern. While most head bumps are minor and resolve without serious issues, understanding when to seek professional medical attention is important.
Common Causes of Head Bumps
Head bumps often result from accidental knocks, falls, or impacts during sports and other activities. These incidents often cause a lump, commonly called a “goose egg.” A bump is typically a hematoma, a collection of blood and fluid under the skin.
The scalp and forehead have a rich blood supply, meaning even minor injuries can lead to noticeable swelling and bruising. This swelling occurs as tiny blood vessels beneath the skin are injured, allowing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. While head injuries are a common cause, bumps can also result from inflamed hair follicles, cysts, or fatty growths like lipomas, though these are less common and not trauma-related.
When a Head Bump is Likely Harmless
Many head bumps are not serious. A bump is typically harmless if it is small, causes only mild pain, and does not involve any loss of consciousness. If the individual remains alert, moves as usual, and responds normally, the injury is likely minor.
Minor bumps often resolve within a few days. They may be accompanied by a mild headache, slight dizziness, or temporary nausea. These injuries generally respond well to basic home care.
Urgent Warning Signs to Watch For
While most head bumps are minor, certain signs indicate a serious head injury requiring immediate medical attention. Seek immediate medical attention if you observe any of the following:
- Loss of consciousness, even brief.
- A severe headache that worsens or is not relieved by pain medication.
- Repeated nausea or vomiting.
- Confusion, disorientation, memory problems, or unusual changes in behavior, especially in children.
- Speech difficulties, such as slurred speech, or changes in vision, including unequal pupil sizes or blurry vision.
- Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the limbs.
- Seizures or any convulsive activity.
- Leakage of clear fluid or blood from the ears or nose, or bruising behind the ears or around the eyes without direct injury.
- Difficulty waking up or increasing drowsiness.
- Any head bump that is unusually large, rapidly growing, or features a dent in the skull.
What to Do After a Head Bump
Immediate first aid can help manage a head bump. Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth to the affected area for up to 20 minutes to reduce swelling and pain. Never apply ice directly to skin. If there is bleeding, apply firm pressure to the wound with a clean cloth, but avoid direct pressure if a skull fracture is suspected.
Rest and observation are important, especially during the first 24 to 48 hours. Have an adult stay with the injured individual to monitor for delayed or worsening warning signs. During observation, the person can sleep, but check on them periodically to ensure alertness and normal responses.
For pain, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen can be used. Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin within the first 24 hours, as they can increase bleeding risk. They can be used safely after 24 hours.
Seek medical attention if any urgent warning signs appear or if there is doubt about the injury’s severity. For severe symptoms like loss of consciousness or seizures, call emergency services immediately. For less severe but concerning symptoms, an urgent care facility or emergency room visit is recommended. After a significant head bump, avoid alcohol, sedatives, and strenuous physical activity or sports until cleared by a healthcare professional, as these can complicate recovery or mask symptoms.