Retapamulin is a topical antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial skin infections. It is available as an ointment and is marketed under brand names such as Altabax and Altargo.
What Retapamulin Treats
Retapamulin is specifically indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo, a common bacterial skin infection. It is effective against infections caused by specific bacterial strains. It primarily targets methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes. Its effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is limited. It is generally used for uncomplicated skin infections and has shown effectiveness in patients aged nine months and older.
How Retapamulin Works
Retapamulin belongs to a unique class of antibiotics known as pleuromutilins. This medication works by selectively inhibiting protein synthesis within bacteria. It achieves this by binding to a specific site on the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial ribosome.
This binding action, which differs from other antibiotics, interferes with the initiation of protein synthesis. Specifically, retapamulin binds in the region of the ribosomal P-site and peptidyl transferase center. This interaction inhibits the transfer of the developing amino acid chain, partially blocks P-site interactions, and prevents the normal formation of active 50S ribosomal subunits, thus stopping bacterial growth.
Proper Application and Usage
Retapamulin is applied topically as an ointment and is intended for external use only. Before applying the medication, the affected skin area should be cleaned and dried thoroughly. A thin layer of the ointment should then be applied gently to the infected area.
The recommended frequency of application is typically twice a day for a duration of five days. Complete the entire prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and prevent antibiotic resistance. If a dose is missed, it should be applied as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, in which case the missed dose should be skipped to avoid applying a double amount. After application, hands should be washed unless they are the area being treated. The treated area can be covered with a sterile bandage or gauze if desired.
Important Safety Information
When using retapamulin, be aware of potential side effects and precautions. Common side effects reported at the application site include mild burning, stinging, or itching. Other common side effects may include headache, nausea, diarrhea, and stuffy nose.
More serious, though rare, side effects can include signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Severe skin irritation, including blistering, oozing, or worsening of the infection at the application site, also warrants immediate medical attention. Retapamulin ointment should not come into contact with the eyes or mucous membranes inside the mouth or nose. Individuals with a known hypersensitivity to retapamulin or any of its components should not use this medication. The concomitant use of retapamulin with other topical products on the same skin area is not recommended. Co-administration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is not recommended in children younger than 24 months.