Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches, called diverticula, that form in the lining of the digestive tract become inflamed or infected. These pouches commonly develop in the large intestine, particularly after age 50. When someone experiences multiple episodes of this condition, it is referred to as recurrent diverticulitis.
Why Diverticulitis Recurs
Several factors can contribute to the recurrence of diverticulitis, including chronic inflammation within the colon. Lifestyle elements such as a diet high in red meat and low in fiber, along with obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity, are associated with an increased risk. The presence of numerous diverticula, known as diverticulosis, also increases the likelihood of repeat episodes.
Certain medications, including steroids, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, may also heighten the risk of recurrence. Genetic predisposition can play a role, as can persistent high pressure within the colon.
Identifying a Recurrence
Recognizing a recurrence of diverticulitis often involves symptoms similar to the initial episode. These commonly include abdominal pain, which is frequently severe and located in the lower left side of the abdomen. Other indications may be fever, nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel habits, such as sudden diarrhea or constipation.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience constant, unexplained abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by fever or notable changes in your stool. While symptoms can provide clues, a medical diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, blood tests to check for infection, and imaging studies like a CT scan to confirm inflammation.
Treating Recurrent Episodes
Healthcare providers may prescribe antibiotics to address any bacterial infection present. Pain management, often with acetaminophen, is also part of treatment.
Dietary adjustments are typically recommended, starting with a clear liquid diet to rest the bowels. For more severe or complicated cases, hospitalization may be necessary, where intravenous (IV) antibiotics and pain relief can be administered. In rare, complicated instances, surgical intervention, such as a colon resection to remove the affected section of the bowel, might be considered.
Strategies to Prevent Recurrence
Long-term strategies for preventing recurrent diverticulitis largely focus on lifestyle and dietary modifications. Increasing dietary fiber intake is widely recommended, as it can improve the movement of waste through the colon and help reduce the risk of diverticulitis. Good sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and beans.
Staying adequately hydrated is also important, as fiber works by absorbing water to create soft, bulky stool, which aids in bowel regularity. Regular physical activity, aiming for at least 30 minutes on most days, can help the bowels function correctly and reduce pressure within the colon. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding smoking are additional measures that can decrease the risk of recurrence.