A rattling sound in the chest when breathing out can be a concerning symptom, often linked to an underlying respiratory issue. This sound is frequently reported by individuals with various infections, including COVID-19. Understanding this symptom, its connection to viral infections, and when to seek medical attention is important.
Understanding the Rattling Sound
When air travels through the breathing passages, it typically moves smoothly. However, if these passages become narrowed or obstructed, the airflow can become turbulent, creating distinct sounds. This turbulence often occurs due to excess mucus or inflammation within the airways. The sounds produced can range from a whistling or musical noise, known as wheezing, to a bubbling, crackling, or rattling sound.
These noises are often more apparent during exhalation because the airways naturally narrow during this phase, increasing the likelihood of turbulent airflow. The rattling sensation itself can result from air vibrating against moist secretions in the lower airways, similar to blowing through a straw into water. This indicates fluid or thick mucus may be present.
How COVID-19 Affects Breathing
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, primarily targets cells lining the respiratory tract, including the lungs. Upon infection, the body’s immune system mounts a response that can lead to significant inflammation within the airways and lung tissue. This inflammatory process can cause the air passages to swell and narrow, making it harder for air to pass freely.
COVID-19 infection can also lead to increased mucus production, which can become thick and viscous, further obstructing airways. This combination of inflammation and excess mucus contributes to the rattling sound experienced by some individuals. In more severe cases, the virus and the body’s immune reaction can damage the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, causing them to scar, stiffen, or fill with fluid, which can impair oxygen exchange. This lung injury can lead to conditions like pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may manifest with crackling sounds.
When to Seek Medical Care
A rattling sound in the chest, especially alongside other symptoms, warrants professional medical attention. Seek emergency medical care immediately if you experience trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, or an inability to wake or stay awake. Bluish lips, face, or nail beds are also serious emergency warning signs.
Contact a healthcare professional if your COVID-19 symptoms are worsening, not improving, or if you are concerned about them. This is particularly important for individuals at higher risk of severe illness, such as older adults, pregnant individuals, or those with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. Even if symptoms are mild, early consultation with a doctor can be beneficial, especially for those at high risk, as prescription treatments may be available to reduce the risk of severe illness.
Tips for Respiratory Comfort
For mild respiratory discomfort and rattling sounds, several at-home strategies can help, provided severe symptoms are not present. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids like water, broth, or tea is beneficial, as it can help thin mucus and ease a scratchy throat. Using a humidifier or vaporizer can add moisture to the air, which may help soothe airways and loosen secretions, making breathing easier.
Warm steam from a shower can also provide similar relief for congestion and rattling. Rest is important for recovery, allowing the body to conserve energy and fight the infection. Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help manage fever and body aches. Avoiding irritants like smoke and maintaining good indoor air quality can also support respiratory health. Proper positioning, such as sitting upright, can also help with breathlessness.