Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection affecting one or both kidneys, representing a more serious form of a urinary tract infection (UTI). It develops when bacteria from the bladder travel up into the kidneys, causing symptoms like fever, back pain, and nausea. While medical treatment with antibiotics is necessary, dietary choices can help manage symptoms and support the body’s healing process. It is important to view these dietary strategies as a complement to, not a substitute for, the treatment plan prescribed by a healthcare professional.
The Role of Hydration
Fluid intake is a primary consideration when recovering from a kidney infection. Consuming adequate liquids helps to dilute urine, which can lessen the burning sensation during urination. More importantly, a high fluid intake increases urine output, which helps to physically flush bacteria from the urinary tract and kidneys.
The recommendation is to drink at least 8 to 10 glasses of water, equivalent to about 2 to 2.5 liters, throughout the day. Water is considered the best choice for hydration, though unsweetened herbal teas such as chamomile or peppermint can also contribute to your daily intake. A good indicator of adequate hydration is urine that is light yellow or clear.
Foods to Support Recovery
Certain foods can provide compounds that support the body as it recovers from a kidney infection. Since treatment for pyelonephritis involves antibiotics, the balance of bacteria in your gut can be disrupted. Including probiotic-rich foods like plain yogurt and kefir can help replenish beneficial gut flora, which is a component of overall immune health.
Incorporating foods high in antioxidants can help the body manage inflammation associated with the infection. Berries, particularly blueberries and cranberries, are excellent sources of these compounds. Leafy green vegetables like spinach and kale are also packed with vitamins and antioxidants that support kidney health and can aid in managing symptoms.
Vitamin C is another nutrient that contributes to the function of the immune system. Foods such as red bell peppers and kale are rich in vitamin C and can be beneficial additions to your diet during recovery. Some people may find that highly acidic foods, including certain citrus fruits, can irritate the bladder during an active infection. It may be helpful to consume these vitamin C sources cautiously.
Potential Irritants to Limit or Avoid
During an active kidney infection, the lining of the bladder and urinary tract can become sensitive and easily irritated. Certain foods and beverages can aggravate this sensitivity, potentially worsening symptoms like urinary urgency and discomfort. Limiting or temporarily avoiding these items can help minimize irritation while your body heals.
Common substances known to irritate the bladder include caffeine, found in coffee, some teas, and sodas, as well as alcohol. These can act as diuretics and bladder stimulants. Spicy foods and artificial sweeteners are also on the list of potential irritants that could exacerbate symptoms for some individuals.
Highly acidic foods, such as tomatoes and citrus fruits, might also cause discomfort for some people during the acute phase of a UTI. While they are nutritious, their acidity can sometimes be problematic. The goal is to create a urinary environment that is as calm and non-irritated as possible to support the effectiveness of medical treatment and promote comfort.
Dietary Habits for Preventing Recurrence
Adopting specific dietary habits can be an effective strategy for preventing the recurrence of UTIs and subsequent kidney infections. One of the most studied preventive foods is the cranberry. Cranberries contain compounds called A-type proanthocyanidins, which can interfere with the ability of bacteria, particularly E. coli, to adhere to the walls of the urinary tract. A 2023 review of studies confirmed that cranberry products can reduce the risk of symptomatic UTIs. Choosing unsweetened cranberry juice or supplements over sugary options is recommended.
Beyond specific foods, maintaining overall kidney health through a balanced diet is beneficial for long-term prevention. This includes consuming a diet rich in whole foods like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Managing sodium intake is also a good practice for kidney health, as it helps prevent fluid retention and reduces strain on the kidneys.