Purslane is a diverse group of plants, often recognized for their succulent leaves and resilient nature. While some varieties are cherished for their edible qualities and nutritional benefits, others are cultivated purely for their vibrant floral displays. Understanding the distinctions between these different types of purslane can help gardeners and home cooks make informed choices for their specific needs.
Understanding Edible Purslane
The most widely recognized edible form is common purslane, botanically known as Portulaca oleracea. This plant often grows low to the ground, spreading outwards with reddish stems and small, paddle-shaped, succulent leaves. It thrives in warm conditions and is frequently found in gardens and agricultural fields.
Wild common purslane is known for its slightly tart, lemony flavor and crunchy texture, making it a refreshing addition to salads, sandwiches, or cooked dishes. It is also valued for its nutritional content, containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Beyond its wild form, cultivated edible varieties of Portulaca oleracea have been developed for garden settings. Cultivars such as ‘Goldberg’ or ‘Grüner Red’ often exhibit larger leaves and a more upright growth habit compared to their wild counterparts. These selections are bred for improved yield and easier harvesting, making them a practical choice for home gardeners seeking a consistent supply of edible purslane.
Ornamental Purslane Moss Rose
Ornamental moss rose (Portulaca grandiflora) is another distinct plant often referred to as purslane. It is primarily grown for its abundant, showy flowers, which come in a wide array of bright colors including pink, red, orange, yellow, and white. Its blooms are larger and more vibrant than those of edible purslane.
Moss rose features succulent, needle-like leaves and often forms a dense mat, making it an excellent choice for ground cover, rock gardens, or container plantings. It thrives in full sun and hot, dry conditions, making it a popular drought-tolerant annual. Though it shares the “purslane” name, Portulaca grandiflora is cultivated for visual appeal and is not consumed like edible purslane.
Winter Purslane Miner’s Lettuce
Winter purslane, also known as miner’s lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata), adds to the diversity of plants called purslane. Though from a different botanical family than Portulaca species, it shares the common name due to its edible leaves and similar growth habit. It is distinguished by unique, cup-shaped leaves that often encircle delicate white flowers.
Unlike the heat-loving Portulaca species, miner’s lettuce is a cool-season annual that flourishes in cooler temperatures from late winter through spring. Historically, it was a valuable fresh green for miners during the California Gold Rush, hence its common name. Its mild, slightly earthy flavor makes it a pleasant addition to salads or as a cooked green.
Selecting Your Purslane Variety
Choosing the right purslane variety depends on your interest: culinary use, ornamental display, or a combination. For a nutritious leafy green, Portulaca oleracea and its cultivated forms are the most suitable choice, offering traditional edible qualities.
For gardeners seeking a vibrant, low-maintenance annual to brighten up sunny spots, Portulaca grandiflora or moss rose provides an impressive display of colorful blooms. Understanding its ornamental nature helps manage expectations. Alternatively, if you are interested in a cool-season edible green that can thrive in milder weather, Claytonia perfoliata offers a unique and distinct option. Considering each plant’s growth habits and intended use ensures a successful gardening experience.