The Puakenikeni tree (Fagraea berteroana) is a tropical plant known for its intensely fragrant flowers. Originating from the Pacific Islands, Australia, and Papua New Guinea, this evergreen species is popular in warm climates. Its tubular blossoms emerge creamy white, transitioning to yellow and orange as they mature. These aromatic flowers are used in leis and for scenting traditional oils.
Understanding Puakenikeni Tree Dimensions
The Puakenikeni tree typically grows as a large shrub or small tree in cultivated landscapes. While it can reach 15 meters (50 feet) in native conditions, it commonly attains 3 to 5 meters (10 to 16 feet) in gardens. Some cultivated specimens may grow between 10 to 30 feet tall. Its canopy typically spreads 4.6 meters (15 feet) wide, though some can reach 10 to 30 feet, forming a rounded shape.
In open spaces, the tree often develops multiple stems, contributing to its broad, spreading canopy. The Puakenikeni has a slow to moderate growth rate, generally increasing in height by about 0.3 to 0.5 meters (1 to 1.5 feet) annually under optimal conditions. Plants propagated from seeds tend to grow slower than those started from air layers or cuttings.
Factors Influencing Growth and Size
Environmental and cultural factors impact the size and vigor of a Puakenikeni tree. It thrives in humid tropical and subtropical climates and is sensitive to frost. The tree performs best and flowers most prolifically when exposed to full sun, meaning at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. While it can tolerate partial shade, growth may be less robust in such conditions.
Well-draining, fertile soil is beneficial for healthy development, though the tree can adapt to various soil types, including loams, sandy clay loams, and clays, provided there is adequate drainage. A soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5 is preferred. Consistent moisture is important, especially in drier regions, where supplemental irrigation may be necessary if annual rainfall is below 1500 mm (60 inches). While it needs regular water, some drought stress can stimulate flower production. Moderate fertilization is advisable, as over-fertilizing can promote leafy growth at the expense of flower development.
Managing Puakenikeni Size and Shape
Gardeners can influence the size and shape of their Puakenikeni trees. Pruning is an effective method for size control and maintaining form. Since flowers are produced on new growth, regular pruning encourages more blooms. Early to late winter is generally the best time for significant pruning. Removing developing fruits can redirect the plant’s energy towards producing more flowers.
Growing Puakenikeni in containers is a practical way to limit its size, making it suitable for smaller spaces or for moving indoors during colder months. When container growing, ensure the pot has excellent drainage and repot the tree into a larger container every two to three years to accommodate its expanding root system.
Site Selection and Spacing
Site selection and spacing are important to accommodate the Puakenikeni tree’s mature dimensions. For single plantings, a clear area of approximately 4.6 meters by 4.6 meters (15 feet by 15 feet) is often recommended. Some larger specimens may require up to 30 feet of space.
Avoid planting the tree too close to permanent structures like house foundations, walls, or overhead utility lines. Maintain a distance of at least 0.6 meters (2 feet) from walls for adequate growth and air circulation. While the Puakenikeni’s root system is generally not considered invasive, providing sufficient underground space is beneficial for its long-term health and stability.