Epiphyllums, often called orchid cacti, are known for their striking floral displays. These unique plants are epiphytic, meaning they grow on other plants like trees, drawing moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. Originating from the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, they thrive in humid environments. Their large, showy, and often fragrant flowers bloom in a wide array of colors and forms. This article explores diverse Epiphyllum varieties, from widely cultivated selections to rare specimens.
Epiphyllum Categories
Epiphyllums are divided into two main categories: naturally occurring species and cultivated hybrids. True Epiphyllum species are wild forms found in native habitats, with characteristics shaped by natural selection. These species often have a consistent appearance in flower shape and plant structure. They serve as the foundational genetic material from which many modern varieties have been developed.
Hybrid Epiphyllums represent the majority of plants cultivated today. These result from intentional crosses between different Epiphyllum species or existing hybrids, combining desirable traits. Hybridization aims for specific characteristics like increased flower size, novel color combinations, extended bloom times, or improved growth habits. This development has led to a diversity exceeding natural variation in wild species.
Widely Cultivated Epiphyllum Varieties
Many Epiphyllum varieties are popular among growers due to their reliable blooming, showy flowers, and straightforward cultivation. These types offer a broad spectrum of colors and forms, making them accessible for new enthusiasts.
‘Ackermannii’ is known for its vibrant red, open-faced flowers, typically 4 to 6 inches in diameter. It generally flowers in late spring to early summer, producing numerous blossoms. Its robust growth habit makes it a favored choice for hanging baskets, allowing its long, flattened stems to cascade gracefully.
‘Connie Meyer’ is known for its large, white, star-shaped flowers, often exceeding 8 inches across. This variety typically blooms in late spring, with its pure white petals sometimes exhibiting a soft, creamy undertone in the center. Its strong stems support the substantial flowers, making it a good candidate for upright growth in pots.
‘Pegasus’ is admired for its multi-colored flowers, often displaying shades of pink, orange, and yellow with a metallic sheen. These iridescent blooms are generally 6 to 8 inches in diameter and have a ruffled appearance. ‘Pegasus’ typically flowers in late spring to early summer, and its vigorous growth habit means it can quickly develop into a substantial specimen.
‘Strictum’ is recognized for its prolific, medium-sized, pure white flowers, about 5 to 7 inches across. These fragrant blooms typically open at night and last into the morning, emitting a sweet fragrance. ‘Strictum’ tends to flower in late spring, producing a multitude of blossoms along its stems.
‘King Midas’ presents large, deep orange flowers, often with a hint of red. The blooms are typically 7 to 9 inches in diameter and have a full, layered appearance. This variety usually blooms in late spring, and its strong growth habit allows it to produce many flowers simultaneously.
‘Deutsche Kaiserin’, also known as ‘German Empress’, is a historic and robust variety featuring bright red flowers with a slightly purplish hue. These blooms are typically 6 to 8 inches across and have a striking funnel shape. It is a reliable bloomer in late spring to early summer, and its cascading growth habit makes it well-suited for hanging containers.
‘Clown’ is a distinctive variety displaying flowers with multiple shades of pink and orange, often with a contrasting throat. The blooms are typically 6 to 7 inches in diameter and have a somewhat open, flat shape. ‘Clown’ usually flowers in late spring, and its vigorous growth ensures a good display of its vibrant flowers.
‘Madeline’ is popular for its large, pale pink to white flowers, often with a darker pink mid-stripe. These elegant blooms can reach 8 to 10 inches in diameter, creating a showy display. ‘Madeline’ typically blooms in late spring, and its substantial flowers are held on strong stems.
Rare and Distinctive Epiphyllum Varieties
Rare Epiphyllum varieties attract collectors with their unusual features. These varieties often stand out due to unique flower patterns, exceptional sizes, or specific growth habits. Their rarity can stem from new hybrids with limited distribution, specific cultivation challenges, or low propagation rates.
‘Eden’ is known for its exceptionally large, multi-layered blooms that can reach up to 12 inches in diameter. These massive flowers often display a complex blend of pink, cream, and yellow hues, with a ruffled texture. ‘Eden’ is considered rare due to its relatively recent introduction and the specialized care sometimes required to achieve its full bloom potential. Its size alone makes it a sought-after specimen for experienced growers.
‘King of the Belgians’ is a rare find, valued for its unique, almost black-red flowers that are deeply saturated in color. The blooms are typically 7 to 9 inches across and possess a velvety texture, standing out against the green foliage. This variety’s dark coloration is uncommon among Epiphyllums, contributing to its distinctiveness and limited availability. It often requires specific light conditions to achieve its deepest coloration.
‘Unforgettable’ has flowers that exhibit a combination of deep purple and magenta, often with a contrasting lighter throat. These blooms are usually 6 to 8 inches in diameter and have a delicate, almost translucent quality. ‘Unforgettable’ is rare due to its unique color palette and the specific conditions needed to encourage its vibrant hues. Its ethereal appearance makes it a valued possession for collectors seeking unusual color forms.
‘Orchid Queen’ is a distinctive variety with flowers that feature an unusual, elongated trumpet shape rather than the common open-faced form. The blooms are typically a vivid fuchsia or deep pink, measuring around 8 to 10 inches in length. This unique flower morphology makes ‘Orchid Queen’ rare and desirable among enthusiasts looking for architectural interest in their blooms. Its dramatic shape creates an exotic display, setting it apart from other Epiphyllums.
Selecting an Epiphyllum Variety
Choosing an Epiphyllum variety involves considering aesthetic preferences and practical growing conditions to ensure a successful experience. Desired flower characteristics are often the primary consideration, as Epiphyllums are celebrated for their showy blooms. Prioritize specific flower colors, such as vibrant reds, delicate pinks, or pure whites, or seek varieties with unique multi-colored or patterned petals.
Beyond color, flower size and shape are important factors; some varieties produce enormous blooms, while others offer modest blossoms. The plant’s growth habit also influences selection. Some Epiphyllums grow upright and bushy, suitable for pots, while others have a trailing or cascading habit, ideal for hanging baskets or elevated positions for draping.
Available space is a practical consideration, as some varieties grow large and require significant room. Evaluate light conditions in your growing area, as some varieties prefer more or less intense light for optimal blooming. Acquire Epiphyllum varieties from specialized nurseries, online vendors, or local plant societies that host sales or exchanges. These societies can also offer advice on cultivation and specific variety characteristics.