Poisonbean (Sesbania drummondii) is a toxic plant also known as rattlebox, rattlebush, or Drummond sesbania. Native to the southeastern United States, it grows in various natural and disturbed habitats. Understanding its characteristics is important for safety.
Identifying Poisonbean
Poisonbean is a deciduous shrub, 3 to 10 feet tall. It has numerous thin, spreading branches, giving it a bushy appearance. The plant features alternate, medium-green leaves that are pinnately compound, meaning each leaf consists of many smaller leaflets arranged along a central stem. Each leaf has 12 to 50 oblong leaflets, 0.79 to 1.18 inches long.
From late spring to early fall, poisonbean produces distinctive orange-yellow, pea-like flowers. These flowers appear in drooping clusters (racemes), often with subtle red markings. After flowering, the plant forms unique four-sided, four-winged seed pods, about 3.9 inches long. These pods contain seeds separated by internal partitions. When dry, the seeds rattle inside, leading to common names like rattlebox or rattlebush.
Understanding Its Toxicity and Symptoms
The toxicity of poisonbean is due to sesbanimide, a compound in its seeds. While the entire plant is toxic, the seeds pose the greatest risk if ingested. It is poisonous to humans, animals, and fish. Livestock, such as cattle, goats, or sheep, are susceptible, especially if they consume dried plant material when other forage is scarce.
Ingestion can cause adverse effects. Common symptoms include gastrointestinal distress like vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Affected individuals or animals may also show lethargy, weakness, and depression. In severe cases, especially in animals consuming a significant amount, poisoning can be acute, potentially leading to death within 24 hours.
Steps to Take After Exposure
If poisonbean exposure is suspected, especially ingestion, prompt action is important. For humans, immediately contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. For pets or livestock, contact a veterinarian or animal poison control hotline. Providing details about the amount and time of ingestion helps professionals determine the appropriate course of action.
While awaiting professional guidance, do not induce vomiting unless advised by a medical expert. Keep the affected individual calm and comfortable. For external contact, thoroughly rinse exposed skin with soap and water. Quick consultation with professionals is important, as they offer specific treatment based on exposure severity and symptoms.
Preventing Contact
Preventing contact involves recognizing poisonbean’s typical habitats and exercising caution. It thrives in moist soil and is found in ditches, flooded meadows, depressions, and along the edges of lakes, ponds, and streams throughout the southeastern United States. When in these areas, wearing protective clothing like long sleeves, long pants, and gloves can minimize exposure.
If poisonbean is on personal property, remove it carefully. Wear gloves and protective clothing during removal. Avoid cutting or burning the plant, as this can release or spread toxic compounds. For small patches, carefully dig up the plant, ensuring the root system is removed.
Double-bag all removed plant material and dispose of it as general waste, not compost. Thoroughly clean tools with soap and water after handling, as residues can remain active.