Migraines are severe headaches often accompanied by throbbing pain, sensitivity to light and sound, and nausea. These debilitating attacks can significantly impact daily life. Recent advancements in medical research have led to the development of targeted treatments that offer new hope for managing this complex neurological condition. Pfizer has emerged as a significant contributor in this area, developing approaches to both treat ongoing migraine attacks and help prevent future episodes.
The Science Behind How it Works
The scientific understanding of migraines has advanced significantly, highlighting the role of a specific protein called calcitonin gene-related peptide, or CGRP. During a migraine attack, CGRP increases, contributing to pain transmission, vasodilation, and inflammation in the brain. This protein interacts with receptors in the brain, triggering migraine symptoms.
Pfizer’s migraine drugs, known as gepants, specifically target and block these CGRP receptors. By preventing CGRP from binding, these medications interrupt pain signals and reduce inflammation, alleviating migraine symptoms. Nurtec ODT (rimegepant) is an oral small molecule drug that acts as a CGRP receptor antagonist. Zavzpret (zavegepant) is another CGRP receptor antagonist from Pfizer, administered differently.
Treating Migraine Attacks
For the acute treatment of migraine attacks, Pfizer offers CGRP inhibitors like Nurtec ODT and Zavzpret, providing rapid relief. Nurtec ODT (rimegepant) is an orally disintegrating tablet that dissolves quickly on or under the tongue without water, making it convenient for use during an attack. It is taken as soon as migraine symptoms begin.
Studies show that most people experience freedom from pain and a return to normal function within two hours after taking Nurtec ODT. Zavzpret (zavegepant) is administered as a nasal spray, allowing rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream and avoiding gastrointestinal metabolism. Its peak plasma concentration is observed 30 minutes after a single dose, indicating its quick action.
Preventing Future Migraines
Beyond acute relief, Nurtec ODT also serves as a preventive treatment for episodic migraines. When taken regularly, every other day, Nurtec ODT reduces the frequency and severity of migraine episodes. This preventive approach decreases the overall burden of migraines on individuals, allowing for more consistent daily functioning.
Clinical studies have shown that consistent use of Nurtec ODT for prevention can lead to a reduction in monthly migraine days. For example, in studies, individuals experienced an average of 4.2 fewer monthly migraine days over a period of 9 to 12 weeks when taking Nurtec ODT every other day. While some individuals may notice improvement within a week, the full preventive benefits become apparent after three months of consistent use. This makes it a suitable option for those seeking to proactively manage their migraine condition.
Important Considerations
While well-tolerated, Pfizer’s CGRP inhibitors have side effects. The most commonly reported side effect for Nurtec ODT is nausea, occurring in 2% of individuals. For Zavzpret, common adverse reactions include taste disorders, nausea, nasal discomfort, and vomiting. These side effects are mild and manageable.
These medications are considered for adults. Individuals with severe liver disease should avoid Nurtec ODT, although no dosage adjustment is needed for mild to moderate liver or kidney conditions. Consult a healthcare provider to determine if these medications are appropriate, especially if you have existing medical conditions or are taking other medications, as drug interactions can occur.