A pelvic X-ray is a common imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to create pictures of the bones and joints within the pelvic region. This diagnostic tool helps medical professionals view the hip bones, which include the ilium, ischium, and pubis, along with the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine) and the coccyx (tailbone). The procedure produces black-and-white images, where dense structures like bones appear white, and softer tissues appear in shades of gray or black. It is a quick and generally painless method for assessing the anatomy of the pelvis.
Reasons for a Pelvic X-Ray
Doctors frequently order a pelvic X-ray to investigate pain, swelling, or deformity in the pelvis, hips, or upper leg areas. A common reason is to diagnose fractures, particularly after a traumatic event such as a fall or car accident. The X-ray can clearly show fractures and help determine if bones are properly aligned or healing after an injury.
A pelvic X-ray also helps identify joint dislocations, such as a dislocated hip. It can evaluate the extent of various forms of arthritis, including osteoarthritis affecting the hip joint or ankylosing spondylitis, which causes stiffness in the spine and sacroiliac joints. This imaging test aids in detecting bone abnormalities like cysts or tumors within the pelvic region. The X-ray provides a visual assessment of these conditions, guiding further medical decisions.
The X-Ray Procedure
Patients undergoing a pelvic X-ray require minimal preparation. Patients will also be asked to remove jewelry, piercings, and any other metal objects that could interfere with the X-ray images. Often, a patient will change into a hospital gown for the procedure.
During the X-ray, the patient will lie on an examination table, usually on their back. A radiology technologist will position the patient to achieve the best views of the pelvic area. They may use pillows for support and might ask the patient to hold their breath for a few seconds to ensure clear images. The procedure itself is quick, typically lasting only a few minutes, and is not painful. Lead aprons or shields may be placed over other parts of the body not being imaged to minimize radiation exposure.
Safety and Radiation
Pelvic X-rays involve exposure to a small amount of radiation. The dose from a single pelvic X-ray is very low, often comparable to the natural background radiation a person experiences over a few days. Medical professionals adhere to the ALARA principle, which stands for “As Low As Reasonably Achievable,” meaning they strive to keep radiation exposure to patients as minimal as possible while still obtaining necessary diagnostic images.
This principle is implemented through measures such as limiting exposure time, maintaining distance from the radiation source, and using shielding. For instance, the technologist steps behind a protective barrier during the exposure. Patients must inform their doctor or technologist about any known or suspected pregnancy, as this allows for appropriate adjustments or alternative imaging methods to be considered.
Understanding the Results
After the pelvic X-ray is completed, the images are reviewed by a radiologist, a doctor who specializes in interpreting medical images. The radiologist analyzes the pictures for signs of injury, disease, or abnormalities in the bones and joints of the pelvis. They look for details such as bone alignment, fractures, joint spaces, and unusual growths.
Following their interpretation, the radiologist compiles a formal report detailing their findings. This report is sent to the referring doctor who ordered the X-ray. Patients discuss the X-ray results and any recommended next steps, such as further tests or treatment plans, with their doctor during a follow-up appointment or call.