Pain on one side of the throat when swallowing can be an uncomfortable sensation. While often temporary, it can also signal underlying conditions. Understanding potential causes helps in seeking appropriate care and finding relief.
Common Reasons for Throat Pain
Many instances of one-sided throat pain during swallowing stem from common infections or irritations. Viral infections, such as those causing the common cold or flu, can lead to unilateral throat pain. Symptoms often include a scratchy throat, runny nose, cough, and body aches.
Bacterial infections can also cause localized pain. Tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils, might affect only one side, causing discomfort when swallowing. Strep throat, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, typically presents with pain on both sides but can sometimes manifest unilaterally. These bacterial infections may also bring a fever, swollen lymph nodes, or visible white patches on the tonsils.
Acid reflux, medically known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can irritate one side of the throat. Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus and throat can cause a burning sensation, which may be more noticeable on one side, particularly after meals or when lying down. Reflux irritation can lead to a feeling of a lump in the throat or difficulty swallowing.
Other common factors contributing to one-sided throat pain include dry throat or dehydration, and postnasal drip. Excess mucus draining down the back of the throat can irritate a specific area, leading to soreness or a scratchy feeling. Minor injuries from sharp food particles, aggressive coughing, or vocal strain can also result in localized pain when swallowing.
Less Frequent But Concerning Causes
While many causes of one-sided throat pain are common, some less frequent conditions warrant closer attention. A peritonsillar abscess, often a complication of tonsillitis, is a collection of pus near one of the tonsils. This condition typically causes severe unilateral throat pain, difficulty opening the mouth (trismus), a muffled “hot potato” voice, and fever. It is a serious infection that can obstruct the airway if left untreated.
Epiglottitis is another concerning cause, involving inflammation of the epiglottis, the flap of tissue that covers the windpipe. This medical emergency is characterized by severe throat pain, difficulty breathing, drooling, and voice changes. Immediate medical attention is necessary. A foreign body, such as a small bone or a pill, lodged in the throat can also cause localized pain and the sensation of something stuck when swallowing.
Oral thrush, a fungal infection, can cause white patches and discomfort in the mouth and throat, potentially affecting one side. In rare instances, persistent and worsening unilateral throat pain, especially when accompanied by other symptoms like unexplained weight loss, voice changes, or difficulty swallowing solid foods, could indicate a tumor or growth. These symptoms are not typical of common infections and should prompt medical investigation.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Seek medical evaluation for one-sided throat pain when certain warning signs are present. Immediate medical attention is required if the pain is severe, rapidly worsening, or accompanied by difficulty breathing, drooling, or an inability to swallow saliva. A muffled voice or difficulty opening the mouth fully also signals a need for urgent care.
Consult a healthcare provider if the pain persists for more than a few days without improvement, or if it is accompanied by a high fever (over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius). Other concerning symptoms include:
Swelling in the neck or face
Blood in saliva or phlegm
Persistent hoarseness
Unexplained weight loss
Individuals with compromised immune systems or other serious health conditions should consult a professional promptly if they experience such symptoms.
Relief Measures and Self-Care at Home
For mild cases of one-sided throat pain, several self-care measures can help alleviate discomfort. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, warm teas, or broths, helps keep the throat moist and soothe irritation. Gargling with warm salt water can help reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief.
Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments or during sleep, can add moisture to the air and prevent further throat dryness and irritation. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Throat lozenges or sprays can also offer temporary soothing effects.
Avoiding irritants like smoke, strong fumes, and very hot, cold, or acidic foods and drinks can prevent further aggravation. Resting the voice and getting adequate body rest also supports the healing process. These measures are for symptomatic relief and do not replace professional medical advice if concerning symptoms develop.