Flossing is a fundamental part of oral hygiene, cleaning areas between teeth a toothbrush cannot reach. While recommended for preventing plaque buildup and gum disease, pain between teeth during or after flossing is a common concern. This discomfort often has identifiable causes and solutions.
Common Reasons for Pain
Pain during flossing can stem from several factors, from mild irritation to significant oral health conditions.
One frequent cause is gingivitis, an early stage of gum disease. Inflamed gums become sensitive, red, swollen, and may bleed easily during flossing due to plaque accumulation. Consistent, gentle flossing can help improve gum health and reduce this sensitivity.
Improper flossing technique is another common reason for discomfort. Applying too much force, snapping floss aggressively into the gums, or failing to contour it around the tooth can cause trauma to gum tissue. Such actions can lead to temporary pain, irritation, or even damage.
Food particles lodged tightly between teeth can cause pressure and pain. Flossing dislodges these impactions, though the initial act may cause a momentary ache.
Cavities or tooth decay can also cause pain during flossing. When floss contacts a decayed area, especially near the gumline, it can irritate an exposed nerve or sensitive tooth structure, leading to sharp pain.
Dental restorations like fillings, crowns, or bridges might contribute to flossing pain if they have rough edges, overhangs, or create tight spaces that snag floss or press against gums. General tooth sensitivity, where enamel has worn away to expose dentin, can also be exacerbated by flossing.
Individuals with crowded or misaligned teeth may find flossing more challenging, which can inadvertently lead to increased pressure or irritation, resulting in pain. This difficulty can make it harder to clean effectively without causing discomfort.
Proper Flossing Techniques and Tools
Employing the correct flossing technique is important for effective plaque removal and preventing discomfort.
Use about 18 inches of floss, winding most around your middle fingers and leaving a short working section. Gently guide floss between teeth using a light zig-zag motion, avoiding forceful snapping that can injure gums. Once at the gumline, curve it into a “C” shape around one tooth and slide it gently up and down, cleaning beneath the gumline and along the tooth surface. This “C-shape” method effectively cleans the curved surfaces of teeth. Use a fresh section for each tooth to avoid transferring bacteria.
Selecting the appropriate floss type can enhance comfort and effectiveness. Waxed floss, coated with a thin layer of wax, glides easily between tight tooth contacts and is less prone to fraying. Unwaxed floss, thinner and made of twisted nylon strands, can fit into narrow spaces but may shred easily. Dental tape, which is broader and flatter, can be more comfortable for individuals with wider gaps between their teeth. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) floss, also known as Glide, offers smooth gliding and resistance to shredding, suitable for tight contacts or dental work.
Alternative flossing tools provide options for various needs. Interdental brushes, available in different sizes, are effective for cleaning larger gaps between teeth, around braces, or implants, and can be easier to use than traditional floss. Water flossers use a stream of water to dislodge food particles and plaque, beneficial for those with braces, implants, or difficulty with manual dexterity. Floss picks offer convenience and an easier grip, especially for back teeth, though some designs may not clean as thoroughly as traditional floss.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
While some flossing discomfort resolves with improved technique and consistent care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional dental evaluation.
Persistent pain that does not improve after a few days of proper flossing, or pain that worsens, warrants a dentist visit. This could signal an underlying issue requiring professional diagnosis and treatment.
Visible issues like bleeding gums that do not subside after about a week of regular flossing, swollen or receding gums, or visible signs of decay are important indicators. These symptoms may point to gum disease or other conditions requiring professional intervention.
Sharp, sudden pain when flossing a specific area might suggest a cavity, a crack, or nerve involvement. A dentist can examine the area to identify the cause.
If certain areas are consistently difficult to floss without pain, it could indicate structural issues like tight contacts, misaligned teeth, or problematic dental restorations.
Routine dental check-ups are important for overall oral health. These visits allow dentists to detect problems early. Professional cleanings also remove stubborn plaque and tartar that cannot be eliminated by brushing and flossing alone.