Wrist cracking is common, but when is it serious? Understand the causes of harmless joint noise versus the warning signs of injury, arthritis, or disease.
Explore the definitive biological requirements distinguishing vertebrates from invertebrates and why *Felis catus* belongs firmly in the backbone club.
Genome sequencing provides raw data. Learn how scientists use computational biology, from foundational ORFs to comparative genomics, to predict and validate functional genes.