Discover how fundamental atomic differences determine the physical characteristics, energy transfer abilities, and chemical behavior of metals and nonmetals.
Uncover the worldwide sources of amethyst, comparing the commercial scale of South America with the deep color quality from African mines. See the unique geology involved.
Electrical arc flashes reach extreme temperatures. See the physics of the heat transfer and the incident energy metrics used to measure worker exposure.
Discover the surprisingly short lifespan of fair-weather cumulus clouds (usually minutes) and the atmospheric conditions that influence their duration.
Discover how the molecular polarity of SO2 determines its high solubility, leading to major chemical changes and significant environmental consequences.