Biology Insights

Learn how FGFR3 gene mutations contribute to bladder cancer. This genetic insight helps define a patient's prognosis and enables specific, targeted therapies.

Learn how the SERM raloxifene is used off-label in men, from its selective action on hormones to the clinical evidence regarding its safety and efficacy.

Learn about cytopenic myelofibrosis, a condition where low blood cell counts influence a patient's outlook and the selection of specific therapies.

A review of the pivotal studies defining clozapine's use, exploring how research has established its high efficacy alongside necessary safety protocols.

Learn what a non-uniform composition means for a mass found on a medical scan. Understand the key characteristics that help distinguish between benign and malignant growths.

Understanding low-grade glioma surgery outcomes involves looking beyond a single number to the specific factors that shape an individual's prognosis.

For nurses on the night shift, understanding the link between work schedules and the body's internal clock is key to managing long-term well-being.

Learn how an endopyelotomy, a minimally invasive surgery, corrects a specific kidney blockage and what to consider when evaluating this treatment option.

The Thompson score is a clinical assessment of a newborn's neurological function that helps medical teams classify severity and guide urgent care.

Pancreatic hemorrhage is a serious complication of other medical issues. Learn how it develops, the associated physical signs, and required urgent care.

Learn about the unique considerations for managing kidney stones while pregnant, with a focus on safe, effective methods for both mother and developing baby.

This specialized ultrasound measures fetal brain blood flow, providing a safe, non-invasive way to monitor well-being and guide care in high-risk pregnancies.

Learn how progressive muscle weakness in Duchenne causes a sequence of postural changes, affecting spinal alignment and joint mobility throughout the body.

Understand how anti-CTLA-4 therapy enables the immune system to fight cancer by releasing a key cellular brake, a process with distinct benefits and risks.

Explore the unique biological function of steroidal aromatase inhibitors, a class of medication that permanently deactivates the body's estrogen-producing enzyme.

Understand how an echocardiogram provides clues for cardiac amyloidosis by assessing unique patterns of heart muscle function, not just its physical structure.

Understand what a locoregional cancer diagnosis means. This guide explains this intermediate stage and how it informs a comprehensive, targeted approach to care.