What Was a Prehistoric Family Really Like?
Beyond stereotypes, scientific analysis of artifacts, bones, and DNA reveals a complex picture of early human social structures and interpersonal bonds.
What Is a Brain Shuttle and How Does It Work?
Explore a novel technology designed to transport therapeutics across the brain's protective barrier, enabling a new approach to treating neurological disorders.
What Are Noradrenergic Neurons and What Do They Do?
Noradrenergic neurons act as a central system in the brain, using norepinephrine to modulate attention, arousal, mood, and the body's stress response.
The RhoA Pathway: Function, Activation, and Disease
Explore the RhoA pathway, a fundamental signaling system governing cell shape, tension, and movement, and learn how its regulation is vital for health and medicine.
Anterior Sclera: Functions and Inflammatory Conditions
Inflammation of the eye's protective outer layer can be a key indicator of systemic health, often linked to underlying autoimmune conditions.
What Slow-Wave Sleep Promotes in Your Brain and Body
Learn how the most restorative stage of sleep facilitates essential cognitive processes and systemic physical maintenance throughout the body.
What Is the Role of RuBisCO in the Calvin Cycle?
Examine RuBisCO's essential but imperfect role in the Calvin cycle, acting as the gateway for carbon to enter the biosphere despite its inefficiency.
Glutamate Sigma Interaction: Brain Health and Disease
Examine the regulatory partnership between sigma receptors and glutamate, a fundamental mechanism for maintaining neural stability and brain health.
What Is Marsh Restoration and Why Is It Important?
Explore the science of assisting degraded marsh ecosystems, a process that aims to rebuild their structure and restore their vital environmental functions.
The Mesolimbic Reward System and How It Shapes Behavior
Explore the brain's core motivation circuit and how it guides our desires, reinforces our habits, and influences overall psychological well-being.
What Lobe Controls Short-Term Memory?
Short-term memory is not the job of one brain lobe, but a function where distinct areas collaborate to actively manage, encode, and process information.
Replication Licensing: How Cells Control DNA Replication
Explore the intricate cellular mechanism that grants permission for DNA to be copied, ensuring the process occurs exactly once per cell cycle for genomic stability.
What Are Kenyon Cells and What Is Their Function?
Delve into how Kenyon cells, key neurons in insect brains, process sensory information to form unique and efficient memories, offering a model for brain organization.
Are Sweet Potatoes Naturally Genetically Modified?
Explore the sweet potato's unique genetic makeup, shaped by an ancient, natural gene transfer that sets it apart from modern lab-engineered organisms.
IL-22’s Role in Tissue Repair and Disease
Delve into IL-22, a cytokine that directs tissue repair at the body's barriers. Learn how this essential protective function can also contribute to chronic disease.
Hippocampus Injury: Symptoms, Causes, and Recovery
An injury to the hippocampus affects how we form memories, learn, and navigate. Learn about the consequences of this damage and strategies for adaptation.
Neomycin Phosphotransferase II: Function, Mechanism, & Safety
Explore the NPTII enzyme, a key protein in genetic engineering, from its molecular action to its established record of safety in the food supply.
What Is an EEG Arousal and Why Does It Matter?
Learn how brief shifts in brainwave activity, known as arousals, are measured to understand sleep fragmentation and its connection to your overall health.
What Is 2-HG and How Does It Cause Cancer?
Explore how gene mutations cause a common metabolite, 2-HG, to accumulate and promote cancer by altering a cell's epigenetic code and halting its development.
Temporal Sequence: Defining the Order of Events in Science
The order of events is a key principle shaping scientific discovery, logical thought, and how we perceive and describe our world.