Oligomeric proanthocyanidins, often abbreviated as OPCs, are naturally occurring compounds found in various plants. These compounds are recognized for their biological activities and potential contributions to human well-being.
What Are Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins?
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are a specific type of polyphenol, specifically belonging to the flavonoid family of plant pigments. The “oligomeric” aspect refers to their structure as small chains of two to four proanthocyanidin units, such as catechin and epicatechin, which are chemically linked to form dimers, trimers, and tetramers.
While proanthocyanidins also exist as larger, more complex polymers known as condensed tannins, OPCs are specifically the smaller, more bioavailable forms. In plants, these compounds play a role in defense mechanisms against environmental stressors and predators.
Where Do We Find Them?
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are present in many common dietary sources. Some of the most concentrated sources include grape seeds, pine bark, and cranberries. Grape seeds are particularly rich in OPCs.
Other notable sources include apples, cocoa, and various berries such as blueberries, bilberries, and black currants. Red wine also contains OPCs, with significantly higher concentrations than white wines. The presence of these compounds in these plant parts often contributes to their color and astringent taste.
Their Role in Human Health
OPCs exhibit powerful antioxidant properties, which help neutralize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage, contributing to aging and various health conditions. OPCs are effective antioxidants, with some research suggesting they can be more effective than Vitamin C in combating oxidative stress. This antioxidant capacity is attributed to the multiple hydroxyl groups present in their molecular structure, which can donate hydrogen ions to stabilize free radicals.
Beyond their antioxidant actions, OPCs demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects. They can influence specific pathways within cells, helping to reduce inflammatory responses. This anti-inflammatory activity is closely linked to their ability to mitigate oxidative stress, as inflammation and oxidative stress often occur together.
OPCs also support cardiovascular health by promoting blood vessel integrity and circulation. They may help prevent the oxidation of “bad” LDL cholesterol, which is a factor in heart disease. OPCs can reduce cholesterol plaque buildup on blood vessel walls and decrease blood stickiness, potentially lowering the risk of blood clotting. Furthermore, they have been linked to improved blood pressure and increased strength and elasticity of capillaries, which can aid in better vascular function.
For skin health, OPCs support collagen structure and protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage, contributing to daily skin protection. For the immune system, OPCs modulate immune responses.
Incorporating Them Into Your Life
Increasing your intake of oligomeric proanthocyanidins can be achieved through dietary choices that emphasize rich plant sources. Regularly consuming foods like grape seeds, cranberries, blueberries, apples, and cocoa can contribute to your OPC intake. Including red wine in moderation also provides these compounds.
Supplementation, typically in the form of grape seed extract or pine bark extract (such as Pycnogenol), is another option for increasing OPC levels. Doses typically range from 50 to 300 milligrams daily, with 50 mg often suggested for general antioxidant support. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to discuss appropriate dosages and potential interactions.
OPCs are generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with side effects being rare and usually limited to mild digestive discomfort or occasional allergic reactions. However, individuals taking anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin or aspirin, should exercise caution and consult their doctor before using OPC supplements, as high doses may possess some anticoagulant properties. While OPCs are water-soluble, it is still prudent to adhere to recommended dosages.