Experiencing pain in the nose while chewing can be unsettling. While alarming, this symptom frequently stems from identifiable conditions. Understanding the possible reasons behind this discomfort can help individuals seek appropriate care.
The Interconnectedness of Facial Structures
The human face contains a complex network of bones, muscles, and nerves that are intricately linked. Structures such as the maxillary sinuses, located behind the cheekbones, are positioned close to the roots of the upper teeth. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jawbone to the skull, also lies in close proximity to the nasal cavity. This anatomical closeness means that issues originating in one area, like the jaw or teeth, can manifest as pain perceived in the nose, especially during chewing. Shared nerve pathways, particularly those of the trigeminal nerve, allow pain signals to be referred from one facial region to another, creating a sensation of pain in an unexpected location.
Common Causes of Nose Pain While Chewing
Sinus Issues
Sinus-related issues are a frequent cause. Sinusitis, an inflammation or infection of the sinuses, can cause pressure and pain in the face, including areas around the nose. When the maxillary sinuses, located near the upper teeth, become inflamed, fluid buildup can exert pressure on the tooth roots. This often leads to referred pain felt in the nose or teeth, especially when chewing or bending over. Allergies can also contribute by causing sinus and nasal passage swelling and fluid accumulation, which may lead to facial pressure and pain that radiates to the jaw and teeth.
Dental and Jaw Problems
Dental issues like tooth abscesses, cavities, or impacted wisdom teeth in the upper jaw can refer pain to the nose. Inflammation or infection from a tooth can spread to the maxillary sinuses due to their close proximity. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, can cause pain that radiates to the head, neck, and sometimes the nasal area, particularly with chewing.
Nerve-Related Conditions
Nerve-related conditions can also lead to sharp pain. Trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, causes intense, electric shock-like pain. This pain is triggered by activities like chewing, talking, or touching the face, and can affect the nose.
Other Causes
Less common causes include dry nasal passages, leading to irritation and discomfort exacerbated by chewing. Structural abnormalities within the nose or sinuses, or foreign objects, might also cause irritation and pain when chewing puts pressure on these areas.
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek professional medical evaluation if nose pain while chewing is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Consult a doctor if the pain worsens, does not improve with self-care, or includes fever, swelling, or unusual nasal discharge. Other red flags are vision changes, facial numbness, or signs of spreading infection like redness or warmth. These symptoms warrant prompt medical attention for accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention.
Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Providers inquire about the pain’s nature, location, and triggers, along with other symptoms. A physical examination checks teeth, gums, jaw joints, and nasal passages. Imaging studies, like X-rays or CT scans of the sinuses or jaw, may visualize underlying structural issues or infections. Sometimes, a referral to a specialist, such as an ENT, dentist, or neurologist, is necessary for further assessment.
Treatment
Treatment approaches are tailored to the specific diagnosis. For sinus-related issues, antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines, or nasal steroid sprays can help reduce inflammation and mucus buildup. Dental problems often require fillings for cavities, root canals for infected teeth, or extractions. Temporomandibular joint disorders may be managed with jaw exercises, pain relievers, or mouthguards. For nerve-related conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, specific medications such as anticonvulsants are often used, and home care strategies like warm compresses can also help alleviate symptoms.